| SPACECRAFT | CREW | LAUNCH | RETURN | DURATION | REMARKS |
| Vostok 1 (USSR) | Yuri Gagarin | 12-Apr-61 | 12-Apr-61 | 1h:48m | First manned space flight (1 orbit). |
| Mercury-Redstone 3 (USA) | Alan Shepard | 5-May-61 | 5-May-61 | 15m:22s | First American in space (suborbital). Freedom 7. |
| Mercury-Redstone 4 (USA) | Virgil Grissom | 21-Jul-61 | 21-Jul-61 | 15m:37s | Second suborbital flight; spacecraft sank, Grissom rescued. Liberty Bell 7. |
| Vostok 2 (USSR) | Gherman Titov | 6-Aug-61 | 7-Aug-61 | 1d:1h:18m | First flight longer than 24 hours (17 orbits). |
| Mercury-Atlas 6 (USA) | John Glenn | 20-Feb-62 | 20-Feb-62 | 04h:55m | First American in orbit (3 orbits); telemetry falsely indicated heatshield unlatched. Friendship 7 |
| Mercury-Atlas 7 (USA) | Scott Carpenter | 24-May-62 | 24-May-62 | 04h:56m | Initiated space flight experiments; manual retrofire error caused 250 mile landing overshoot. Aurora 7 |
| Vostok 3 (USSR) | Andrian Nikolayev | 11-Aug-62 | 15-Aug-62 | 3d:22h:22m | First twinned flight, with Vostok 4 |
| Vostok 4 (USSR) | Pavel Popovich | 12-Aug-62 | 15-Aug-62 | 2d:22h:57m | First twinned flight. On first orbit came within 3 miles of Vostok 3 |
| Mercury-Atlas 8 (USA) | Walter Schirra | 03-Oct-62 | 03-Oct-62 | 9h:13m | Developed techniques for long duration missions (6 orbits); closest splashdown to target to date (4.5 miles). Sigma 7 |
| Mercury-Atlas 9 (USA) | Gordon Cooper | 15-May-63 | 16-May-63 | 1d10h:20m | First U.S. evaluation of effects of one day in space (22 orbits); performed manual reentry after systems failure, landing 4 miles from target. Faith 7 |
| Vostok 5 (USSR) | Valeri Bykovsky | 14-Jun-63 | 19-Jun-63 | 4d:23h:08m | Second twinned flight, with Vostok 6 |
| Vostok 6 (USSR) | Valentina Tereshkova | 16-Jun-63 | 19-Jun-63 | 2d:22h:51m | First woman in space; passed within 3 miles of Vostok 5. |
| X-15, Flight 90 (USA) | Walker, Joseph | 19-Jul-63 | 19-Jul-63 | 11m:24s | First rocket-powered aircraft to reach space (FAI definition); sub-orbital reaching 347,800 feet (106,010 m) altitude. |
| X-15, Flight 91 (USA) | Walker, Joseph | 22-Aug-63 | 22-Aug-63 | 11m:09:s | Rocket-powered aircraft; sub-orbital reaching 354,200 feet (107,960 m) altitude |
| Voskhod 1 (USSR) | Vladimir Komarov Konstantin Feoktistov Boris Yegorov |
12-Oct-64 | 13-Oct-64 | 1d:00h:17m | Modified Vostok; first three man crew in space; first without space suits. |
| Voskhod 2 (USSR) | Pavel Belyayev Alexei Leonov |
18-Mar-65 | 19-Mar-65 | 1d:02:02m | Modified Vostok; first spacewalk by Leonov (10 min) via inflatable airlock |
| Gemini 3 (USA) | Virgil Grissom John Young |
23-Mar-65 | 23-Mar-65 | 04h:53m | First American two man crew; first piloted spacecraft to change its orbital path; first computer, allowing onboard calculation of maneuvers. |
| Gemini 4 (USA) | James McDivitt Edward White |
3-Jun-65 | 7-Jun-65 | 4d:01h:56m | First American spacewalk by White (21 min); first US 4-day flight; manual reentry made after computer failure |
| Gemini 5 (USA) | Gordon Cooper Charles Conrad |
21-Aug-65 | 29-Aug-65 | 7d:22h:55m | First use of fuel cells for electric power; evaluated guidance and navigation system |
| Gemini 7 (USA) | Frank Borman James Lovell |
4-Dec-65 | 18-Dec-65 | 13d:18h:35m | Longest US flight for 8 years (206 orbits), record until Soyuz 9; rendezvous with Gemini 6 |
| Gemini 6 (USA) | Walter Schirra Thomas Stafford |
15-Dec-65 | 16-Dec-65 | 1d:01h:51m | First manned rendezvous, to within 2 feet of Gemini 7 (as planned Agena was lost). |
| Gemini 8 (USA) | Neil Armstrong David Scott |
16-Mar-66 | 17-Mar-66 | 10h:41m | First docking (with Agena) of one space vehicle with another; emergency reentry after control malfunction; first Pacific landing |
| Gemini 9 (USA) | Thomas Stafford Eugene Cernan |
3-Jun-66 | 6-Jun-66 | 3d:00h:21m | 127 min EVA by Cernan; rendezvous but no docking with target; landed 1/2 mile from recovery ship |
| Gemini 10 (USA) | John Young Michael Collins |
18-Jul-66 | 21-Jul-66 | 2d:22h:47m | Docked with Agena 10 and used engine to attain record 474 mile (763 km) altitude; rendezvous with Agena 8; 39 min EVA + 49 min SEVA by Collins |
| Gemini 11 (USA) | Charles Conrad Richard Gordon |
12-Sept-66 | 15-Sept-66 | 2d:23h:17m | Used Agena engine to attain record 850 mile (1369 km) altitude; 33 min EVA + 128 min SEVA by Gordon; connected Gemini and Agena by tether; first automatic computer-guided reentry. |
| Gemini 12 (USA) | James Lovell Edwin Aldrin |
11-Nov-66 | 15-Nov-66 | 3d:22h:35m | Final Gemini mission; Agena docking; 126 min EVA + 2 SEVA totaling 204 min by Aldrin; first work carried out during a EVA; automatic computer-guided reentry |
| Soyuz 1 (USSR) | Vladimir Komarov | 23-Apr-67 | 24-Apr-67 | 1d:02h:48m | Retroparachute failed to open, causing cosmonaut to be killed. |
| Apollo 7 (USA) | Walter Schirra Don Eisele Walter Cunningham |
11-Oct-68 | 22-Oct-68 | 10d:20h:09m | First piloted flight of Apollo spacecraft, command-service module only; first US 3-man flight; live TV footage of crew |
| Soyuz 3 (USSR) | Georgi Beregovoi | 26-Oct-68 | 30-Oct-68 | 3d:22h:51m | Rendezvous with unmanned Soyuz 2 |
| Apollo 8 (USA) | Frank Borman James Lovell William Andres |
21-Dec-68 | 27-Dec-68 | 6d:03h:01m | First manned lunar orbit and piloted lunar return reentry (CSM only); first manned Saturn V; views of lunar surface televised to Earth |
| Soyuz 4 (USSR) | Vladimir Shatalov Aleksei Yeliseyev Yevgeni Khrunov |
14-Jan-69 | 17-Jan-69 | 2d:23h:21m | First docking of two piloted spacecraft, with Soyuz 5 |
| Soyuz 5 (USSR) | Boris Volynov Aleksei Yeliseyev Yevgeni Khrunov |
15-Jan-69 | 18-Jan-69 | 3d:00h:54m | Docked with Soyuz 4; Yeliseyev and Khrunov transfered by EVA to Soyuz 4 |
| Apollo 9 (USA) | James McDivitt David Scott Russell Schweickart |
3-Mar-69- | 13-Mar-69 | 10d:01h:01m | First piloted flight of lunar module (Earth orbit); 46 min Schweickart EVA tested lunar suit + 61 min SEVA by Scott. |
| Apollo 10 (USA) | Thomas Stafford John Young Eugene Cernan |
18-May-69 | 26-May-69 | 8d:00h:03m | First lunar module orbit of Moon, descent to within 50,000 feet (15,000 meters) of Moon's surface; holds manned speed record, 6.8863 mi/s (11.0825 km/s) at atmosphere entry |
| Apollo 11 (USA) | Neil Armstrong Michael Collins Edwin Aldrin |
16-Jul-69 | 24-Jul-69 | 8d:03h:19m | First lunar landing made by Armstrong and Aldrin (20-Jul); 151 min lunar EVA; collected 48.5 lb (22 kg) of soil & rock samples; lunar stay time 21h:36m. |
| Soyuz 6 (USSR) | Georgi Shonin Valeri Kubasov |
11-Oct-69 | 16-Oct-69 | 4d:22h:43m | Rendezvous with Soyuz 7/8; first welding of metals in space. |
| Soyuz 7 (USSR) | Anatoli Filipchenko Vladislav Volkov Viktor Gorbatko |
12-Oct-69 | 17-Oct-69 | 4d:22h:40m | Triple rendezvous with Soyuz 6/8; space lab construction test made; first time 3 spacecraft, 7 crew members orbited the Earth at once |
| Soyuz 8 (USSR) | Vladimir Shatalov Aleksei Yeliseyev |
13-Oct-69 | 18-Oct-69 | 4d:22h:51m | Triple rendezvous with Soyuz 6/7; part of space lab construction team |
| Apollo 12 (USA) | Charles Conrad Richard Gordon Alan Bean |
14-Nov-69 | 24-Nov-69 | 10d:04h:36m | Conrad and Bean made second Moon landing; 2 lunar EVAs totaling 465 min; collected 74.7 lb (33.9 kg) of samples; lunar stay time 31h:31m. |
| Apollo 13 (USA | James Lovell John Swigart Fred Haise |
11-Apr-70 | 17-Apr-70 | 5d:22h:55m | Mission aborted following service module oxygen tank explosion; crew returned safely using lunar module; circumlunar return; holds manned altitude record, 248,665 miles (400,187 km) above Earth's surface. |
| Soyuz 9 (USSR) | Andrian Mikolayev Vitali Sevastyanov |
1-Jun-70 | 19-Jun-70 | 17d:16h:59m | This flight marked the beginning of working in space under weightless conditions; endurance record for solo craft remains. |
| Apollo 14 (USA) | Alan Shepard Stuart Roosa Edgar Mitchell |
31-Jan-71 | 9-Feb-71 | 9d:00h:02m | Shepard and Mitchell made third Moon landing; 2 lunar EVAs totaling 563 min; collected 96 lb (43.5 kg) of lunar samples; lunar stay time 33h:31m |
| Salyut 1 (USSR) | Unmanned Space Station | 19-Apr-71 | 11-Oct-71 | 175d | First space station; occupied by Soyuz 11 crew for 23 days. |
| Soyuz 10 (USSR) | Vladimir Shatalov Aleksei Yeliseyev Nikolai Rukavishnikov |
22-Apr-71 | 24-Apr-71 | 1d:23h:46m | Adjustment of an improved docking bay between the spacecraft and the orbiting Salyut space station, but no cosmonauts entered the orbiting station. |
| Soyuz 11 (USSR) | Georgi Dobrovolsky Vladislav Volkov Viktor Patsayev |
6-Jun-71 | 29-Jun-71 | 23d:18h:22m | Docked and entered Salyut 1 space station; orbited in Salyut 1 for 23 days; crew died during reentry from loss of pressurization. |
| Apollo 15 (USA) | David Scott Alfred Worden James Irwin |
26-Jul-71 | 7-Aug-71 | 12d:07h:12m | Scott and Irwin made fourth Moon landing; first lunar rover use; first deep spacewalk; 3 lunar EVAs totaling 19h:8m; 33 min SEVA by Scott; collected 170 lb (77 kg) of samples; lunar stay time 66h:54m; 38 min Worden EVA-Irwin SEVA; subsatellite released |
| Apollo 16 (USA) | John Young Thomas Mattingly Charles Duke |
16-Apr-72 | 27-Apr-72 | 11d:01h:51m | Young and Duke made fifth Moon landing; 3 lunar EVAs totaling 20h:14m; collected 213 lb (97 kg) of lunar samples; lunar stay time 71:14; 73 min Mattingly EVA-Duke SEVA; subsatellite released |
| Apollo 17 (USA) | Eugene Cernan Ronald Evans Harrison Schmitt |
7-Dec-72 | 19-Dec-72 | 12d:13h:52m | Cernan and Schmitt made sixth piloted lunar landing; 3 lunar EVAs totaling 22h:4m; collected 243 lb (110 kg) of samples; record lunar stay of 74:59; 66 min Evans EVA-Schmitt SEVA |
| Skylab 1 (USA) | Unmanned Space Station | 14-May-72 | 11-Jul-79 | 2,249d | First U.S. space station; occupied by Skylab 2, 3 & 4 crews |
| Skylab 2 (USA) | Charles Conrad Joseph Kerwin Paul Weitz |
25-May-73 | 22-Jun-73 | 28d:00h:50m | First American piloted orbiting space station; made long-flight tests, crew repaired damage caused during boost; 2 EVAs totaling 5h:14m + 75 min SEVA. |
| Skylab 3 (USA) | Alan Bean Owen Garriott Jack Lousma |
28-Jul-73 | 26-Sep-73 | 59d:11h:10m | Crew systems and operational tests, exceeded pre-mission plans for scientific activities; 3 EVAs totaling 13h:46m. |
| Soyuz 12 (USSR) | Vasili Lazarev Oleg Makarov |
27-Sep-73 | 29-Sep-73 | 1d:23h:16m | After Soyuz 11 accident, new life support equipment was tested. |
| Skylab 4 (USA) | Gerald Carr Edwartd Gibson William Pogue |
16-Nov-73 | 8-Feb-74 | 84d:01h:15m | Final Skylab mission; endurance record until Soyuz 26-Salyut 6; 4 EVAs totaling 22h:21m, set then-record spacewalk of 7h:1m. |
| Soyuz 13 (USSR) | Pyotr Klimuk Valentin Lebedev |
18-Dec-73 | 26-Dec-73 | 7d:20h:56m | Astrophysical observations made with Orion ultraviolet telescope; Earth is photographed |
| Salyut 3 (USSR) | Unmanned Space Station | 25-Jun-74 | 24-Jan-75 | 213d | 2nd space station; occupied by Soyuz 14 crew |
| Soyuz 14 (USSR) | Pavel Popovich Yuri Artyukhin |
3-Jul-74 | 19-Jul-74 | 15d:17h:30m | Sole occupation of Salyut 3 (no docking). |
| Soyuz 15 (USSR) | Gennadi Sarafanov Lev Demin |
26-Aug-74 | 28-Aug-74 | 2d:00h:12m | Failed to dock with Salyut 3 because of Soyuz systems failures; first return to Earth during the night |
| Soyuz 16 (USSR) | Antatoli Filipchenko Nikolai Rukavishnikov |
2-Dec-74 | 8-Dec-74 | 5d:22h:24m | Trial run with a modified Soyuz capable of docking with the U.S. Apollo spacecraft. |
| Salyut 4 (USSR) | Unmanned Space Station | 26-Dec-74 | 3-Feb-77 | 770d | 3rd space station; occupied by 2 crews for 93 days |
| Soyuz 17 (USSR) | Aleksey Gubarev Georgi Grenchko |
10-Jan-75 | 9-Feb-75 | 29d:13h:20m | First Salyut 4 occupation; Soviet endurance record |
| Soyuz 18A (URRS) | Vasili Lazarev Oleg Makarov |
5-Apr-75 | 5-Apr-75 | 21m:27s | Launch to Salyut 4 aborted when stage 1 failed to separate; 14g reentry. |
| Soyuz 18B (USSR) | Pyotr Kilmuk Vitali Sevastyanov |
24-May-75 | 26-Jul-75 | 62d:23h:20m | 2nd Salyut 4 occupation; Soviet endurance record. |
| Soyuz 19-ASTP (USSR) | Alexei Leonov Valeri Kubasov |
15-Jul-75 | 21-Jul-75 | 5d:22h:31m | First U.S./USSR joint flight; docked with Apollo 18 for 2 days; conducted experiments, shared meals, and held a joint news conference |
| Apollo 18 - ASTP (USA) | Thomas Stafford Vance Brand Donald Slayton |
15-Jul-75 | 24-Jul-75 | 9d:1h:28m | Joint flight with Soyuz 19 |
| Salyut 5 (USSR) | Unmanned Space Station | 22-Jun-76 | 8-Aug-77 | 412d | 4th space station; occupied by 2 crews for 65 days |
| Soyuz 21 (USSR) | Boris Volynov Vitali Zholobov |
6-Jul-76 | 24-Aug-76 | 49d:06h:24m | First Salyut 5 occupation (48 days); acid fumes forced return |
| Soyuz 22 (USSR) | Valeri Bykovsky Vladimir Aksyonov |
15-Sep-76 | 23-Sep-76 | 7d:21h:52m | Spacecraft was modified to enable the crew to photograph the Earth |
| Soyuz 23 (USSR) | Vyacheslav Zudov Valeri Rozhdestvensky |
14-Oct-76 | 16-Oct-76 | 2d:00h:07m | Docking between the spacecraft and Salyut 5 failed; first Soviet splashdown after emergency return |
| Soyuz 24 (USSR) | Viktor Gorbatko Yuri Glazkov |
7-Feb-77 | 25-Feb-77 | 17d:17h:26m | 2nd Salyut 5 occupation. |
| Salyut 6 (USSR) | Unmanned Space Station | 29-Sept-77 | 28-Jul-82 | 1763d | 5th space station; occupied for 676 days by 5 long stay + 11 visiting crews. |
| Soyuz 25 (USSR) | Vladimir Kovalyonok Valeri Ryumin |
9-Oct-77 | 11-Oct-77 | 2d:00h:45m | The planned manual docking with Salyut 6 failed |
| Soyuz 26 (USSR) | Yuri Romanenko Georgi Grechko Vladimir Dzhanibekov Oleg Makarov |
10-Dec-77 | 16-Jan-78 | 37d:10h:06m | First Salyut 6 occupation, returned in Soyuz 27; Progress 1 resupplies the orbiting complex. |
| Soyuz 27 (USSR) | Vladimir Dzhanibekov Oleg Makarov Yuri Romanenko Georgi Grechko |
10-Jan-78 | 16-Mar-78 | 64d:22h:53m | First space station dual occupancy; returned in Soyuz 26. |
| Soyuz 28 (USSR) | Aleksey Gubarev Vladimir Remek |
2-Mar-78 | 10-Mar-78 | 7d:22h:16m | First international crew (USSR and Czechoslovakia), to Salyut 6. |
| Soyuz 29 (USSR) | Vladimir Kovalyonok Aleksandr Ivanchenkov Valeri Bykovsky Sigmund Jaehn |
15-Jun-78 | 3-Sep-78 | 79d:15h:24m | First 100+ day flight, to Salyut 6; returned in Soyuz 31: Progress 2, 3 & 4 resupply the orbiting complex |
| Soyuz 30 (USSR) | Pyotr Kilmuk Miroslav Hermaszewski |
27-Jun-78 | 5-Jul-78 | 7d:22h:03m | 2nd international crew (USSR and Poland), to Salyut 6. |
| Soyuz 31 (USSR) | Valeri Bykovsky Sigmund Jaehn Vladimir Kovalyonok Aleksandr Ivanchenkov |
26-Aug-78 | 2-Nov-78 | 67d:20h:13m | 3rd international crew (USSR and East Germany), to Salyut 6; returned in Soyuz 29 |
| Soyuz 32 (USSR) | Vladimir Lyakhov Valeri Ryumin Unmanned (Down) |
25-Feb-79 | 13-Jun-79 | 108d:04h:25m | Cosmonauts board Salyut 6; endurance record; returned in Soyuz 34: Progress 5, 6 and 7 resupply the orbiting complex. |
| Soyuz 33 (USSR) | Nikolai Rukavishnikov Georgi Ivanov |
10-Apr-79 | 12-Apr-79 | 1d:23h:01m | 4th international crew (USSR and Bulgaria); failed to dock with Salyut 6 after engine failure. |
| Soyuz 34 (USSR) | Unmanned (up) Vladimir Lyakhov (down) Valeri Ryumin (down) |
6-Jun-79 | 19-Aug-79 | 73d:18h:17m | Delivered for Soyuz 32 crew return to compensate for Soyuz 33 failure. |
| Soyuz 35 (USSR) | Leonid Popov (up) Valeri Ryumin (up) Valeri Kubasov (down) Bertalan Farkas (down) |
19-Apr-80 | 3-Jun-80 | 55d:01h:28m | 4th Salyut 6 long stay; endurance record; returned in Soyuz 37: Progress 8, 9 and 11 resupply the orbiting complex. |
| Soyuz 36 (USSR) | Valeri Kubasov (up) Bertalan Farkas (up) Viktor Gorbatko (down) Pham Tuan (down) |
26-May-80 | 31-Jul-80 | 65d:20h:54m | 5th international crew (USSR and Hungary), to Salyut 6; returned to Soyuz 35. |
| Soyuz T-2 (USSR) | Yuri Malyshev Vladimir Aksyonov |
5-Jun-80 | 9-Jun-80 | 3d:22h:20m | First manned space flight of the new spacecraft; manual docking with Salyut 6. |
| Soyuz 37 (USSR) | Viktor Gorbatko (up), Pham Tuan (up), Leonid Popov (down), Valeri Ryumin (down) |
23-Jul-80 | 11-Oct-80 | 79d:15h:17m | 6th international crew (USSR and Vietnam), to Salyut 6; returned in Soyuz 36. |
| Soyuz 38 (USSR) | Yuri Romanenko, Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez |
18-Sep-80 | 26-Sep-80 | 7d:20h:43m | 7th international crew (USSR and Cuba), to Salyut 6. |
| Soyuz T-3 (USSR) | Leonid Kizim Oleg Makarov Gennadi Strekalov |
27-Nov-80 | 10-Dec-80 | 12d:19h:08m | Resumption of 3-man flights; Salyut 6 repair work: Progress 11 resupplies the orbiting complex |
| Soyuz T-4 (USSR) | Vladimir Kovalyonok Viktor Savinykh |
12-Mar-81 | 26-May-81 | 74d:17h:37m | Last Salyut 6 long-stay; 50th Soviet/100th spaceman: Progress 12 resupplies the orbiting complex. |
| Soyuz 39 (USSR) | Vladimir Dzhanibekov Jugderdemidiyn Gurragcha | 22-Mar-81 | 30-Mar-81 | 7d:20h:42m | 8th international crew (USSR and Mongolia), to Salyut 6 |
| STS-1 Columbia (USA)) | John Young Robert Crippen |
12-Apr-81 | 14-Apr-81 | 2d:06h:22m | First space shuttle flight; orbital test flight; some thermal tiles lost |
| Soyuz 40 (USSR) | Leonid Popov Dumitru Prunariu |
14-May-81 |
22-May-81 |
7d:21h:42m |
9th international crew (USSR and Romania), to Salyut 6; last flight of old Soyuz design |
| STS-2 Columbia (USA) | Joseph Engle Richard Truly |
12-Nov-81 |
14-Nov-81 |
2d:06h:14m |
First reuse of space shuttle; 2nd orbital test flight; test of Canadian robot arm (RMS); 5-day mission halved by fuel cell fault. |
| STS-3 Columbia (USA) | Jack Lousma, Gorden Fullerton |
22-Mar-82 |
30-Mar-82 |
8d:00h:06m |
Third orbital test flight; first experiements; payload: astronomy; landing delayed 1 day by storm. |
| Salyut 7 (USSR) | Unmanned space station | 19-Apr-82 |
7-Feb-91 |
3216d |
6th space station; occupied for 812 days by 10 crews. |
| Soyuz T-5 (USSR) | Anatoli Berezovoi (up) Valentin Lebedev (up) Leonid Popov (down) Aleksandr Serebrov (down) Svetlana Savitskaya (down) |
13-May-82 |
27-Aug-82 |
106d:05h:06m |
First Salyut 7 occupation + long stay; returned in Soyuz T-7: Progress 13, 14, 15 and 16 resupply the orbiting complex. |
| Soyuz T-6 (USSR) | Vladimir Dzhanibekov Aleksandr Ivanchenkov Jean-Loup Chretien | 24-Jun-82 |
2-Jul-82 |
7d:21h:51m |
10th international crew (USSR and France), to Salyut 7. |
| STS-4 Columbia (USA) | Thomas Mattingly Henry Hartsfield |
27-Jun-82 |
4-Jul-82 |
7d:01h:11m |
Last orbital test flight; first concrete runway landing; SRBs lost; beginning of operations; payload: military. |
| Soyuz T-7 (USSR) | Leonid Popov (up) Aleksandr Serebrov (up)Svetlana Savitskaya (up) Anatoli Berezovoi (down) Valentin Lebedev (down) | 19-Aug-82 |
10-Dec-82 |
113d:01h:51m |
Salyut 7 visit; Savitskaya is 2nd woman in space; returned in Soyuz T-5. |
| STS-5 Columbia (USA) | Vance Brand Robert Overmyer Joseph Allen William Lenoir |
11-Nov-82 |
16-Nov-82 |
5d:02h:15m |
First operational space shuttle mission; first 4-person crew; depolyed 2 communications satellites (COMSATs); EVA cancelled. |
| STS-6 Challenger (USA) | Paul Weitz Karol Bobko Donald Peterson Story Musgrave |
4-Apr-83 |
9-Apr-83 |
5d:00h:25m |
First Challenger flight; first shuttle EVA; Tracking & Data Relay Satellite (TDRS). |
| Soyuz T-8 (USSR) | Vladimir Titov Gennadi Strekalov Aleksandr Serebrov |
20-Apr-83 |
22-Apr-83 |
2d:00h:18m |
Failed to dock with Salyut 7 for long stay; radar failed and manual approach aborted. |
| STS-7 Challebger (USA) | Robert Crippen, Frederick Hauck John Fabian Sally Ride Norman Thagard |
18-Jun-83 |
24-Jun-83 |
6d:02h:25m |
Ride first U.S. woman in space; first 5-person crew; 2 COMSATs, German platform SPAS-1. |
| Soyuz T-9 (USSR) | Vladimir Lyakhov Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov | 27-Jun-83 |
23-Nov-83 |
149d:10h:46m |
Salyut 7 long stay; 2 EVAs added 2 solar panels: Progress 18 resupplies the orbiting complex. |
| STS-8 Challenger (USA) | Richard Truly Daniel Brandenstein Dale Gardner Guion Bluford William Thornton |
30-Aug-83 |
5-Sep-83 |
6d:01h:10m |
Bluford first U.S. black in space; first night launch/ landing; 1 communications satellite deployed. |
| Soyuz T-10A (USSR) | Vladimir Titov Gennadi Strekalov |
26-Sep-83 |
26-Sep-83 |
05m:13s |
Launchpad fire, first use of escape tower. Descent module re-used by T-15. |
| STS-9 Columbia (USA) | John Young Brewster Shaw Owen Garriott Robert Parker Byron Lichtenberg Ulf Merbold |
28-Nov-83 |
8-Dec-83 |
10d:07h:48m |
Merbold first German on U.S. mission; first 6-person crew; first Spacelab Mission (SL-1). |
| STS 41-B Challenger (USA) | Vance Brand Robert Gibson Bruce McCandless Ronald McNair Robert Stewart |
3-Feb-84 |
11-Feb-84 |
7d:23h:17m |
First untethered EVA & testing of MMU jetpack; first Kennedy Space Center landing; 2 COMSATs |
| Soyuz T-10B (USSR) | Leonid Kizim (up), Vladimir Solovyov (up) Oleg Atkov (up) Yuri Malyshev (down) Gennadi Strekalov (down) Rakesh Sharma (down) |
8-Feb-84 |
11-Apr-84 |
62:22h:41m |
First long-stay triple crew, to Salyut 7; 6 EVAs totaling 22h:56m; returned in Soyuz T-11. |
| Soyuz T-11 (USSR) | Yuri Malyshev (up) Gennadi Strekalov (up)Rakesh Sharma (up) Leonid Kizim (down) Vladimir Solovyov (down) Oleg Atkov (down) |
3-Apr-84 |
2-Oct-84 |
181d:21h:49m |
11th international crew (USSR and India), to Salyut 7; returned in Soyuz T-10B. |
| STS 41-C Challenger (USA) | Robert Crippen Francis Scobee George Nelson James van Hoften Terry Hart |
6-Apr-84 |
13-Apr-84 |
6d:23h:41m |
First in-orbit satellite retrieval/repair (SMM); LDEF deployment |
| Soyuz T-12 (USSR) |
Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Svetlana Savitskaya, Igor Volk |
17-Jul-84 |
29-Jul-84 |
11d:19h:15m |
Salyut 7 visit; Savitskaya makes first EVA by a woman (3h:45m). |
| STS 41-D, Discovery (USA) |
Henry Hartsfield, Michael Coats, Judith Resnik, Steven Hawley, Richard Mullane, Charles Walker |
30-Aug-84 |
5-Sep-84 |
6d:00h:57m |
First flight of Discovery; first commercial payload specialist; 3 communications satellites. |
| STS 41-G, Challenger (USA) |
Robert Crippen, Jon McBride, Kathryn Sullivan, Sally Ride, David Leestma, Marc Garneau, Paul Scully-Power |
5-Oct-84 |
13-Oct-84 |
8d:05h:25m |
Garneau first Canadian in space; first 7-person crew; first U.S. woman EVA (Sullivan); first 2-women flight; Environmental satellite ERBS. |
| STS 51-A, Discovery (USA |
Frederick Hauck, David Walker, Anna Fisher, Dale Gardner, Joseph Allen |
8-Nov-84 |
16-Nov-84 |
7d:23h:46m |
First satellite retrieval/return; 2 COMSATs. |
| STS 51-C, Discovery (USA) |
Thomas Mattingly, Loren Shriver, Ellison Onizuka, James Buchli, Gary Payton |
24-Jan-85 |
27-Jan-85 |
3d:01h:34m |
First mission dedicated to Dept. of Defense (DOD); classified military payload deployed; 100th manned orbital mission. |
| STS 51-D, Discovery (USA) |
Karol Bobko, Donald Williams, Rhea Seddon, Jeffrey Hoffman, David Griggs, Charles Walker, Jake Garn |
12-Apr-85 |
19-Apr-85 |
6d:23h:56m |
Garn first U.S. senator in space; 2 COMSATs, EVA to repair Syncom IV satellite. |
| STS 51-B, Challenger (USA) |
Robert Overmyer, Frederick Gregory, Don Lind, Norman Thagard, William Thornton, Lodewijk van den Berg, Taylor Wang |
29-Apr-85 |
6-May-85 |
7d:00h:10m |
2nd Spacelab science mission; 1 satellite released |
| Soyuz T-13 (USSR) |
Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Viktor Savinykh (up), Georgi Grechko (down) |
6-Jun-85 |
26-Sep-85 |
112d:03h:12m |
Reactivation of Salyut 7; Savinykh stayed with Soyuz T-14 crew: Progress 24 resupplies the station |
| STS 51-G, Discovery (USA) |
Daniel Brandenstein, John Creighton, Shannon Lucid, John Fabian, Steven Nagel, Patrick Baudry, Sultan Salman Al-Saud |
17-Jun-85 |
24-Jun-85 |
7d:01h:40m |
Al-Saud first Arab in space; Baudry first Frenchman on U.S. mission; 3 communications satellites. |
| STS 51-F, Challenger (USA) |
Gorden Fullerton, Roy Bridges, Story Musgrave, Anthony England, Karl Henize, Loren Acton, John-David Bartoe |
29-Jul-85 |
6-Aug-85 |
7d:22h:46m |
3rd Spacelab astronomy/science mission |
| STS 51-I, Discovery (USA) |
Joseph Engle, Richard Covey, James van Hoften, John Lounge, William Fisher |
27-Aug-85 |
3-Sep-85 7d |
7d:02h:18m |
3 COMSATs, EVA to repair Syncom IV satellite. |
| Soyuz T-14 (USSR) |
Vladimir Vasyutin, Aleksandr Volkov, Georgi Grechko (up), Viktor Savinykh (down) |
17-Sep-85 |
21-Nov-85 |
64d:21h:52m |
Salyut 7; first mission to be ended by illness (Vasyutin); Grechko returned with Soyuz T-13. |
| STS 51-J, Atlantis (USA) |
Karol Bobko, Ronald Grabe, David Hilmers, Robert Stewart, William Pailes |
3-Oct-85 |
7-Oct-85 |
4d:01h:46m |
First flight of Atlantis; 2nd DOD mission: details classfied |
| STS 61-A, Challenger (USA) |
Henry Hartsfield, Steven Nagel, James Buchli, Guion Bluford, Bonnie Dunbar, Reinhard Furrer, Ernst Messerschmid, Wubbo Ockels |
30-Oct-85 |
6-Nov-85 |
7d:00h:46m |
Ockels first Dutchman in space; first 8-person crew; 1st German Spacelab mission (D1). |
| STS 61-B, Atlantis (USA) |
Brewster Shaw, Bryan O'Conner, Mary Cleave, Sherwood Spring, Jerry Ross, Rodolfo Neri Vela, Charles Walker |
27-Nov-85 |
3-Dec-85 |
6d:21h:06m |
Vela first Mexican in space; 3 COMSATs, space structures assembly test. |
| STS 61-C, Columbia (USA) |
Robert Gibson, Charles Bolden, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Steven Hawley, George Nelson, Robert Cenker, Bill Nelson |
12-Jan-86 |
18-Jan-86 |
6d:02h:05m |
Bill Nelson first U.S. congressman in space; 1 COMSAT, material & astronomy experiments. |
| STS 51-L, Challenger (USA) |
Francis Scobee, Michael Smith, Judith Resnik, Ellison Onizuka, Ronald McNair, Gregory Jarvis, Christa McAuliffe |
28-Jan-86 |
None |
01m:13s |
Exploded during liftoff, all were killed. |
| Mir (USSR) |
Unmanned space station |
20-Feb-86 |
23-Mar-01 |
5,510d |
New-generation space station with 6 docking ports; occupied by multiple crews. |
| Soyuz T-15 (USSR) |
Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov |
13-Mar-86 |
16-Jul-86 |
125d:00h:01m |
First Mir occupation; excursion to Salyut 7 5-May to 26-Jun; two Salyut EVAs totaling 8h:50m; re-used descent module from T-10A abort. |
| Soyuz TM-2 (USSR) |
Aleksandr Laveykin, Yuri Romanenko (up), Aleksandr Viktorenko (down), Mohammed Faris (down) |
5-Feb-87 |
30-Jul-87 |
174d:03h:26m |
2nd Mir long stay; Romanenko remained at station and set new endurance record, returned in Soyuz TM-3. |
| Soyuz TM-3 (USSR) |
Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov, Aleksandr Viktorenko (up), Mohammed Faris (up), Yuri Romanenko (down), Anatoli Levchenko (down) |
22-Jul-87 |
29-Dec-87 |
160d:07h:17m |
Mir visit; Aleksandrov remained at station replacing Laveykin; Viktorenko & Faris (Syria) returned in Soyuz TM-2. |
| Soyuz TM-4 (USSR) |
Vladimir Titov (up), Musa Manarov (up), Anatoli Levchenko (up), Anatoliy Solovyov (down), Viktor Savinykh (down), Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov (down) |
21-Dec-87 |
17-Jun-88 |
178d:22h:54m |
3rd Mir long stay occupation; Titov & Manarov swapped with Romanenko & Aleksandrov; endurance record; 3 EVAs totaling 13h:40m; returned in Soyuz TM-6. |
| Soyuz TM-5 (USSR) |
Anatoliy Solovyov (up), Viktor Savinykh (up), Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov (up), Vladimir Lyakhov (down), Abdul Mohmand (down) |
7-Jun-88 |
7-Sep-88 |
91d:10h:46m |
Mir visit; all returned in Soyuz TM-4. |
| Soyuz TM-6 (USSR) |
Vladimir Lyakhov (up), Valeri Polyakov (up), Abdul Mohmand (up), Vladimir Titov (down), Musa Manarov (down), Jean-Loup Chretien (down) |
29-Aug-88 | 21-Dec-88 | 114d:05h:34m | 4th Mir long stay; physician Polyakov remained with Titov & Manarov; Mohmand first Afghan in space, returned in TM-5. |
| STS-26 Discovery (USA) |
Frederick Hauck, Richard Covey, John Lounge, George Nelson, David Hilmers |
29-Sep-88 |
3-Oct-88 |
4d:01h:01m |
Redesigned shuttle makes first flight; Tracking/Data Relay Satellite TDRS-C. |
| Soyuz TM-7 (USSR) |
Aleksandr Volkov, Sergei Krikalyov, Jean-Loup Chretien (up), Valeri Polyakov (down) |
26-Nov-88 |
27-Apr-89 |
151d:11h:08m |
5th Mir long stay; Volkov & Krikalyov swapped with Titov & Manarov; Chretien EVA, returned in Soyuz TM-6; Volkov & Krikalyov in TM-7. |
| STS-27 Atlantis (USA) |
Robert Gibson, Guy Gardner, Richard Mullane, Jerry Ross, William Shepherd |
2-Dec-88 |
6-Dec-88 |
4d:09h:06m |
3rd DOD mission; first Lacrosse imaging radar satellite for all-weather day/night reconnaissance. |
| STS-29 Discovery (USA) |
Michael Coats, John Blaha, James Bagian, James Buchli, Robert Springer |
13-Mar-89 |
18-Mar-89 |
4d:23h:40m |
Data Relay Satellite TDRS-D, experiments |
| STS-30 Atlantis (USA) | David Walker Ronald Grabe Norman Thagard Mary Cleave Mark Lee |
4-May-89 |
8-May-89 |
4d:00h:58m |
Magellan Venus orbiter launched on IUS stage, arrived Venus Aug 1990. |
| STS-28 Columbia (USA) | Brewster Shaw Richard Richards James Adamson David Leestma Mark Brown |
8-Aug-89 |
13-Aug-89 |
5d:01h:01m |
4th DOD mission; deployed military satellite for relaying reconnaissance satellite imagery? |
| Soyuz TM-8 (USSR) |
Aleksandr Viktorenko, Aleksandr Serebrov |
5-Sep-89 |
19-Feb-90 |
166d:06h:58m |
5th Mir long stay; received Kvant 2; 5 EVAs including 2 with maneuvring backpack. |
| STS-34 Atlantis (USA) |
Donald Williams, Michael McCulley, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Shannon Lucid, Ellen Baker |
18-Oct-89 |
23-Oct-89 |
4d:23h:40m |
Galileo Jupiter orbiter launched on IUS stage, arrived Jupiter Dec 1995. |
| STS-33 Discovery (USA) |
Frederick Gregory, John Blaha, Story Musgrave, Manley Carter, Kathryn Thornton |
23-Nov-89 |
28-Nov-89 |
5d:00h:08m |
5th DOD mission; deployed intelligence satellite? |
| STS-32 Columbia (USA) |
Daniel Brandenstein James Wetherbee Bonnie Dunbar David Low Marsha Ivins |
9-Jan-90 |
20-Jan-90 |
10d:21h:02m |
Deployed 1 COMSAT, retrieved/returned Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF). |
| Soyuz TM-9 (USSR) |
Anatoliy Solovyov Aleksandr Balandin |
11-Feb-90 |
9-Aug-90 |
179d:01h:18m |
6th Mir long stay; received Kristall; two EVAs. |
| STS-36 Atlantis (USA) |
John Creighton John Casper Richard Mullane David Hilmers Pierre Thuot |
28-Feb-90 |
4-Mar-90 |
4d:10h:19m |
6th DOD mission; deployed reconnaissance satellite. |
| STS-31 Discovery (USA) |
Loren Shriver Charles Bolden Steven Hawley Bruce McCandless Kathryn Sullivan |
24-Apr-90 |
29-Apr-90 |
5d:01h:17m |
Deployed Hubble Space Telescope (HST); set Shuttle altitude record of 385 miles (619 km). |
| Soyuz TM-10 (USSR) |
Gennadi Manakov Gennadi Strekalov Toyohiro Akiyama (down) |
1-Aug-90 |
10-Dec-90 |
130d:20h:36m |
7th Mir long stay; emphasised Kristall materials processing, one EVA. |
| STS-41 Discovery (USA) |
Richard Richards Robert Cabana William Shepherd Bruce Melnick Thomas Akers |
6-Oct-90 |
10-Oct-90 |
4d:02h:11m |
Ulysses solar probe launched on IUS stage. |
| STS-38 Atlantis (USA) |
Richard Covey Frank Culbertson Robert Springer Carl Meade Charles Gemar |
15-Nov-90 |
20-Nov-90 |
4d:21h:55m |
7th DOD mission; deployed intelligence satellite? |
| STS-35 Columbia (USA) |
Vance Brand, Guy Gardner, Jeffrey Hoffman, John Lounge, Robert Parker, Samuel Durrance, Ronald Parise |
2-Dec-90 |
11-Dec-90 |
8d:23h:06m |
Astronomy Spacelab ASTRO, UV/X-ray telescopes |
| Soyuz TM-11 (USSR) |
Viktor Afanasyev, Musa Manarov, Toyohiro Akiyama (up), Helen Sharman (down) |
2-Dec-90 |
26-May-91 |
175d:01h:51m |
8th Mir long stay; 4 EVAs; Akiyama first Japanese in space, returned in Soyuz TM-10. |
| STS-37 Atlantis (USA) |
Steven Nagel, Kenneth Cameron, Jerry Ross, Jay Apt, Linda Godwin |
5-Apr-91 |
11-Apr-91 |
5d:23h:34m |
Deployed Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO); 2 EVAs (first since 1985). |
| STS-39 Discovery (USA) |
Michael Coats, Blaine Hammond, Guion Bluford, Gregory Harbaugh, Richard Hieb, Donald McMonagle, Charles Veach |
28-Apr-91 |
6-May-91 |
8d:07h:23m |
Infrared astronomy experiments. |
| Soyuz TM-12 (USSR) |
Anatoli Artsebarsky, Sergei Krikalyov (up), Helen Sharman (up), Toktar Aubakirov (down), Franz Viehboeck (down) |
18-May-91 |
10-Oct-91 |
144d:15h:22m |
9th Mir long stay; Sharman first Briton in space, returned in Soyuz TM-11; Artsebarsly in TM-12, Krikalyov in TM-13; 6 EVAs totaling 31h:58m. |
| STS-40 Columbia (USA) |
Bryan O'Conner, Sidney Gutierrez, Rhea Seddon, James Bagian, Tamara Jernigan, Drew Gaffney, Millie Hughes-Fulford |
5-Jun-91 |
14-Jun-91 |
9d:02h:15m |
First Spacelab for Life Sciences (SLS-1); first dedicated life sciences research. |
| STS-43 Atlantis (USA) |
John Blaha, Michael Baker, Shannon Lucid, James Adamson, David Low |
2-Aug-91 |
11-Aug-91 |
8d:21h:22m |
Tracking/Data Relay Satellite TDRS-E; Lucid first woman to make 3 fights. |
| STS-48 Discovery (USA) |
John Creighton, Kenneth Reightler, James Buchli, Charles Gemar, Mark Brown |
12-Sep-91 |
18-Sep-91 |
5d:08h:28m |
Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) deployed. |
| Soyuz TM-13 (USSR) |
Aleksandr Volkov, Toktar Aubakirov (up), Franz Viehboeck (up), Sergei Krikalyov (down), Klaus-Dietrich Flade (down) |
2-Oct-91 |
25-Mar-92 |
175d:02h:52m |
10th Mir long stay; first mission with 2 researchers; Viehboeck first Austrian & Aubakirov first Kazakh in space, returned in Soyuz TM-12; Volkov in TM-13; one EVA. |
| STS-44 Atlantis (USA) |
Frederick Gregory, Terrence Henricks, Story Musgrave, Mario Runco, James Voss, Thomas Hennen |
24-Nov-91 |
1-Dec-91 |
6d:22h:52m |
DOD satellite, contaminations research |
| STS-42 Discovery (USA) |
Ronald Grabe, Stephen Oswald, Norman Thagard, David Hilmers, William Readdy, Roberta Bondar, Ulf Merbold |
22-Jan-92 |
30-Jan-92 |
8d:01h:16m |
Spacelab International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-1). |
| Soyuz TM-14 (Russia) |
Aleksandr Viktorenko Aleksandr Kaleri Klaus-Dietrich Flade (up)Michel Tognini (down) |
17-Mar-92 |
10-Aug-92 |
145d:14h:11m |
11th Mir long stay; Flade (Germany), returned in Soyuz TM-13; Viktorenko & Kaleri in TM-14; 123m EVA. |
| STS-45 Atlantis (USA) |
Charles Bolden Brian Duffy Kathryn Sullivan David Leestma Michael Foale Byron Lichtenberg Dirk Frimout |
24-Mar-92 |
2-Apr-92 |
8d:22h:10m |
Frimout first Belgian in space; Atmospheric Lab for Applications & Science (ATLAS-1). |
| STS-49 Endeavour (USA) |
Daniel Brandenstein Kevin Chilton Pierre Thuot Kathryn Thornton Richard Hieb Thomas Akers Bruce Melnick |
7-May-92 |
16-May-92 |
8d:21h:19m |
First Endeavour flight; 4 EVAs by 4 crew totaling duration record 60.1 manhours; first 3-person EVA; Intelsat-VI recovery and redeployment. |
| STS-50 Columbia (USA) |
Richard Richards Kenneth Bowersox Bonnie Dunbar Ellen Baker Carl Meade Lawrence DeLucas Eugene Trinh |
25-Jun-92 |
9-Jul-92 |
13d:19h:31m |
US Microgravity Laboratory (USML-1); first Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO); Shuttle duration record. |
| Soyuz TM-15 (Russia) |
Anatoliy Solovyov Sergei Avdeyev Michel Tognini (up) |
27-Jul-92 |
1-Feb-93 |
188d:21h:41m |
12th Mir long stay; Togini (France) returned in Soyuz TM-14, Solovyov & Avdeyev in TM-15; 4 EVAs totaling 18h:21m. |
| STS-46 Atlantis (USA) |
Loren Shriver Andrew Allen Jeffrey Hoffman Franklin Chang-Diaz Claude Nicollier Marsha Ivins Franco Malerba |
31-Jul-92 |
8-Aug-92 |
7d:23h:16m |
Nicollier first Swiss and Malerba first Italian in space; EURECA platform deployment; tether experiment TSS-1. |
| STS-47 Endeavour (USA) |
Robert Gibson Curtis Brown Mark Lee Jan Davis Jay Apt Mae Jemison Mamoru Mohri |
12-Sep-92 |
20-Sep-92 |
7d:22h:31m |
50th shuttle mission; Jemison 1st black woman in space; Mohri 1st Japanese national; Lee & Davis 1st married couple to travel together in space; first Japanese Spacelab (SL-J). |
| STS-52 Columbia (USA) |
James Wetherbee Michael Baker Charles Veach William Shepherd Tamara Jernigan Steven MacLean |
22-Oct-92 |
1-Nov-92 |
9d:20h:57m |
Deployment of LAGEOS 2; US Microgravity Payload (USMP); materials experiments. |
| STS-53 Discovery (USA) |
David Walker, Robert Cabana, Guion Bluford, James Voss, Michael Clifford |
2-Dec-92 |
9-Dec-92 |
7d:07h:21m |
Last DOD mission; DOD satellite deployed; laser experiment. |
| STS-54 Endeavour (USA) |
John Casper Donald McMonagle Mario Runco Gregory Harbaugh Susan Helms |
13-Jan-93 |
19-Jan-93 |
5d:23h:39m |
Deployment of TDRS-F, Differential X-ray Experiment (DXS), 268 min EVA. |
| Soyuz TM-16 (Russia) |
Gennadi Manakov Aleksandr Polishchuk Jean-Pierre Haignere (down) |
24-Jan-93 |
22-Jul-93 |
179d:00h:44m |
13th Mir long stay; first docking with Kristall androgynous port; two EVAs. |
| STS-56 Discovery (USA) |
Kenneth Cameron Stephen Oswald Michael Foale Kenneth Cockrell Ellen Ochoa |
8-Apr-93 |
17-Apr-93 |
9d:06h:09m |
Crew included the 300th human in space; Ochoa 1st Hispanic woman in space; 2nd Atmospheric Mission ATLAS-2, SPARTAN-2. |
| STS-55 Columbia (USA) |
Steven Nagel Terrence Henricks Jerry Ross Charles Precourt Bernard Harris Ulrich Walter Hans Schlegel |
26-Apr-93 |
6-May-93 |
9d:23h:41m |
2nd German Spacelab mission (D2); Earth observation & astronomy experiments; Shuttle program exceeded 1 year aggregate flight time. |
| STS-57 Endeavour (USA) |
Ronald Grabe Brian Duffy David Low Nancy Sherlock Peter Wisoff Janice Voss |
21-Jun-93 |
1-Jul-93 |
9d:23h:46m |
First Spacehab; EURECA retrival; GAS; EVA. |
| Soyuz TM-17 (Russia) |
Vasili Tsibliyev Aleksandr Serebrov Jean-Pierre Haignere (up) |
1-Jul-93 |
14-Jan-94 |
196d:17h:45m |
14th Mir long stay; Haignere (France) returned in Soyuz TM-16, Tsibliyev/ Serebrov in TM-17; five EVAs. |
| STS-51 Discovery (USA) |
Frank Culbertson William Readdy James Newman Daniel Bursch Carl Walz |
12-Sep-93 |
22-Sep-93 |
9d:20h:12m |
Adv. Comsat ACTS/TOS deployed; ORFEUS-SPAS; EVA; first KSC night landing. |
| STS-58 Columbia (USA) |
John Blaha Richard Searfoss Rhea Seddon William McArthur David Wolf Shannon Lucid Martin Fettman |
18-Oct-93 |
1-Nov-93 |
14d:00h:14m |
First dissection in space; 2nd Spacelab for Life Sciences (SLS-2); 2nd EDO, record duration. |
| STS-61 Endeavour (USA) |
Richard Covey Kenneth Bowersox Story Musgrave Kathryn Thornton Claude Nicollier Jeffrey Hoffman Thomas Akers |
2-Dec-93 |
13-Dec-93 |
10d:19h:59m |
First Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission; 5 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 35h:28m; Akers set new U.S. EVA duration record (29h:40m). |
| Soyuz TM-18 (Russia) |
Viktor Afanasyev Yuri Usachyov Valeri Polyakov (up) |
8-Jan-94 |
9-Jul-94 |
182d:00h:27m |
15th Mir long stay; physicain Polyakov remained aboard for record duration, returning with Soyuz TM-20. |
| STS-60 Discovery (USA) |
Charles Bolden Kenneth Reightler Jan Davis Ronald Sega Franklin Chang-Diaz Sergei Krikalyov |
3-Feb-94 |
11-Feb-94 |
8d:07h:10m |
Krikalyov first Russian on U.S. shuttle; attempt to deploy the Wake Shield Facility (a device to create vacuums in space) failed; Spacehab 2. |
| STS-62 Columbia (USA) |
John Casper Andrew Allen Pierre Thuot Charles Gemar Marsha Ivins |
4-Mar-94 |
18-Mar-94 |
13d:23h:18m |
Microgravity Payload USMP-2; OAST-2; SSBUV/A; DEE; 3rd EDO. |
| STS-59 Endeavour (USA) |
Sidney Gutierrez Kevin Chilton Linda Godwin Jay Apt Michael Clifford Thomas Jones |
9-Apr-94 |
20-Apr-94 |
11d:05h:50m |
First flight of Space Radar Lab; mapped 20% of Earth surface in three dimensions; environmental studies conducted; CONCAP-IV; GAS; NIH-Experiments; Endeavour made record 412 maneuvres. |
| Soyuz TM-19 (Russia) |
Yuri Malenchenko Talgat Musabayev Ulf Merbold (down) |
1-Jul-94 |
4-Nov-94 |
125d:22h:54m |
16th Mir long stay, two EVAs. |
| STS-65 Columbia (USA) |
Robert Cabana James Halsell Richard Hieb Carl Walz Leroy Chiao Donald Thomas Chiaki Mukai |
8-Jul-94 |
23-Jul-94 |
14d:17h:56m |
2-day flight of International Microgravity Laboratory IML-2; more than 80 experiments conducted; 4th EDO, record duration. |
| STS-64 Discovery (USA) |
Richard Richards Blaine Hammond Jerry Linenger Susan Helms Carl Meade Mark Lee |
9-Sep-94 |
20-Sep-94 |
10d:22h:51m |
Laser experiment LITE; SPARTAN-3; SAFER (EVA); ROMPS. |
| STS-68 Endeavour (USA) |
Michael Baker Terrence Wilcutt Thomas Jones Steven Smith Daniel Bursch Peter Wisoff |
30-Sep-94 |
11-Oct-94 |
11d:05h:47m |
Space Radar Lab SRL-2; GAS; Stamps; secondary payloads. |
| Soyuz TM-20 (Russia |
Aleksandr Viktorenko Yelena Kondakova Ulf Merbold (up) Valeri Polyakov (down) |
4-Oct-94 |
22-Mar-95 |
169d:05h:22m |
17th Mir long stay; Merbold (ESA) returned with Soyuz TM-19. |
| STS-66 Atlantis (USA) |
Donald McMonagle Curtis Brown Ellen Ochoa Scott Parazynski Joseph Tanner Jean-Francois Clervoy |
3-Nov-94 |
14-Nov-94 |
10d:22h:35m |
Atmospheric Mission ATLAS-3; CRISTA/SPAS; ESCAPE-2. |
| STS-63 Discovery (USA) |
James Wetherbee Eileen Collins Michael Foale Janice Voss Bernard Harris Vladimir Titov |
3-Feb-95 |
11-Feb-95 |
8d:06h:30m |
Rendezvous with Mir, Spacehab 3, first female pilot (Collins); 2nd Cosmonaut; SPARTAN-4; EVA. |
| STS-67 Endeavour (USA) |
Stephen Oswald William Gregory Tamara Jernigan John Grunsfeld Wendy Lawrence Ronald Parise Samuel Durrance |
2-Mar-95 |
18-Mar-95 |
16d:15h:10m |
2nd UV Astronomy Spacelab (ASTRO-2); 5th EDO, record duration. |
| Soyuz TM-21 (Russia) |
Vladimir Dezhurov (up)Gennadi Strekalov (up Norman Thagard (up) Anatoliy Solovyov (down) Nikolai Budarin (down) |
14-Mar-95 |
11-Sep-95 |
181d:00h:41m |
18th Mir long stay; Thagard first NASA researcher; all crew returning on NASA Shuttle STS-71; three EVAs. |
| STS-71 Atlantis (USA) |
Robert Gibson Charles Precourt Ellen Baker Bonnie Dunbar Gregory Harbaugh Anatoliy Solovyov (up) Nikolai Budarin (up)Vladimir Dezhurov (down) Gennadi Strekalov (down) Norman Thagard (down) |
27-Jun-95 |
7-Jul-95 |
9d:19h:23m |
First Mir docking/crew exchange, 100th US human space flight, Spacelab carried. |
| STS-70 Discovery (USA) |
Terrence Henricks Kevin Kregel Nancy Currie Donald Thomas Mary Weber |
13-Jul-95 |
22-Jul-95 |
8d:22h:21m |
Deployed TDRS-G; crystal growth and biological experiments. |
| Soyuz TM-22 (Russia) |
Yuri Gidzenko Sergei Avdeyev Thomas Reiter |
3-Sep-95 |
29-Feb-96 |
179d:01h:42m |
20th Mir long stay; ESA researcher Reiter performed 2 EVAs. |
| STS-69 Endeavour (USA) |
David Walker Kenneth Cockrell James Voss James Newman Michael Gernhardt |
7-Sep-95 |
18-Sep-95 |
10d:20h:30m |
Wake Shield Facility (2nd flight); SPARTAN; 30th Shuttle EVA. |
| STS-73 Columbia (USA) |
Kenneth Bowersox Kent Rominger Kathryn Thornton Catherine Coleman Michael Lopez-Alegria Fred Leslie Albert Sacco |
20-Oct-95 |
5-Nov-95 |
15d:21h:53m |
Spacelab USML-2; educational experiments; 6th EDO. |
| STS-74 Atlantis (USA) |
Kenneth Cameron James Halsell Jerry Ross William McArthur Chris Hadfield |
12-Nov-95 |
20-Nov-95 |
8d:04h:32m |
Mir-Docking/2; delivered docking unit for future Shuttle missions & new solar arrays. |
| STS-72 Endeavour (USA) |
Brian Duffy Brent Jett Leroy Chiao Daniel Barry Winston Scott Koichi Wakata |
11-Jan-96 |
20-Jan-96 |
8d:22h:02m |
Retrieved SFU Space Flyer Unit, SPARTAN/OAST Flyer, two EVAs. |
| Soyuz TM-23 (Russia) |
Yuri Onufrienko Yuri Usachyov Claudie Andre-Deshays (down) |
21-Feb-96 |
2-Sep-96 |
193d:19h:08m |
21st Mir long stay; 6 EVAs totaling 30h:31m. |
| STS-75 Columbia (USA) |
Andrew Allen Scott Horowitz Franklin Chang-Diaz Maurizio Cheli Jeffrey Hoffman Claude Nicollier Umberto Guidoni |
22-Feb-96 |
9-Mar-96 |
15d:17h:41m |
Microgravity Payload USMP-3; Tether Satellite TSS-1R; OARE; 7th EDO. |
| STS-76 Atlantis (USA) |
Kevin Chilton Richard Searfoss Linda Godwin Michael Clifford Ronald Sega Shannon Lucid (up) |
22-Mar-96 |
31-Mar-96 |
9d:05h:17m |
Mir-Docking/3; Spacehab short module; delivered Lucid for Mir stay; EVA mounted experiments on Mir's docking module. |
| STS-77 Endeavour (USA) |
John Casper Curtis Brown Daniel Bursch Mario Runco Marc Garneau Andrew Thomas |
19-May-96 |
29-May-96 |
10d:00h:40m |
Inflatable Antenna Experiment (IAE); Spacehab 4; PAMS; SPARTAN; TEAMS. |
| STS-78 Columbia (USA |
Terrence Henricks Kevin Kregel Susan Helms Richard Linnehan Charles Brady Jean-Jacques Favier Robert Thirsk |
20-Jun-96 |
7-Jul-96 |
16d:21h:49m |
Life & Microgravity Science Spacelab (LMS); SAREX-II; 8th EDO, record duration. |
| Soyuz TM-24 (Russia) |
Valeri Korzun Aleksandr Kaleri Claudie Andre-Deshays (up) Reinhold Ewald (down) |
17-Aug-96 |
2-Mar-97 |
196d:17h:26m |
22nd Mir long stay; Andre-Deshays (France) returned in Soyuz TM-23; two EVAs. |
| STS-79 Atlantis (USA) |
William Readdy Terrence Wilcutt Thomas Akers Jay Apt Carl Walz John Blaha (up) Shannon Lucid (down) |
16-Sep-96 |
26-Sep-96 |
10d:03h:20m |
Mir-Docking/4; Spacehab double module; crew exchange (Blaha for Lucid); Lucid set new U.S. space endurance record (188d:4h); EVA. |
| STS-80 Columbia (USA) |
Kenneth Cockrell Kent Rominger Tamara Jernigan Thomas Jones Story Musgrave |
19-Nov-96 |
7-Dec-96 |
17d:15h:54m |
Wake Shield Facility (3rd flight); ORFEUS-SPAS II; Space Experiment Module (SEM); EVA; 9th EDO, record duration. |
| STS-81 Atlantis (USA) |
Michael Baker, Brent Jett, Peter Wisoff, John Grunsfeld, Marsha Ivins, Jerry Linenger (up), John Blaha (down) |
12-Jan-97 |
22-Jan-97 |
10d:04h:56m |
Mir-Docking/5; Spacehab-DM; SAREX-II; crew exchange (Linenger for Blaha). |
| Soyuz TM-25 (Russia) |
Vasili Tsibliyev, Aleksander Lazutkin, Reinhold Ewald (up) |
10-Feb-97 |
14-Aug-97 |
184d:22h:08m |
23rd Mir long stay; Ewald (Germany) returned in Soyuz TM-24; collision with Progress 25-Jun-97; one EVA. |
| STS-82 Discovery (USA) |
Kenneth Bowersox Scott Horowitz Joseph Tanner Steven Hawley Gregory Harbaugh Mark Lee Steven Smith |
11-Feb-97 |
21-Feb-97 |
9d:23h:38m |
2nd Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission; 5 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 33h:11m, replaced 10 instruments. |
| STS-83 Columbia (USA) |
James Halsell Susan Still Janice Voss Michael Gernhardt Donald Thomas Roger Crouch Greg Linteris |
4-Apr-97 |
8-Apr-97 |
3d:23h:14m |
Microgravity Science Lab MSL-1 (returned 12 days early due to fuel cell problem); Reflight as STS-94. |
| STS-84 Atlantis (USA) |
Charles Precourt Eileen Collins Jean-Francois Clervo Carlos Noriega Edward Lu Yelena Kondakova Michael Foale (up) Jerry Linenger (down) |
15-May-97 |
24-May-97 |
9d:05h:21m |
Mir-Docking/6; Spacehab-DM; crew exchange (Foale for Linenger). |
| STS-94 Columbia (USA) |
James Halsell Susan Still Janice Voss Michael Gernhardt Donald Thomas Roger Crouch Greg Linteris |
1-Jul-97 |
17-Jul-97 |
15d:16h:46m |
Microgravity Science Lab MSL-1 reflight |
| Soyuz TM-26 (Russia) |
Anatoliy Solovyov Pavel Vinogradov Leopold Eyharts (down) |
5-Aug-97 |
19-Feb-98 |
197d:17h:35m |
24th Mir long stay; 7 EVAs to repair damage caused by Progress collision. |
| STS-85 Discovery (USA) |
Curtis Brown Kent Rominger Jan Davis Robert Curbeam Stephen Robinson Bjarni Tryggvason |
7-Aug-97 |
19-Aug-97 |
11d:20h:28m |
CRISTA/SPAS II; Japanese Manipulaor (MFD); small payloads |
| STS-86 Atlantis (USA) |
James Wetherbee Michael Bloomfield Scott Parazynski Vladimir Titov Jean-Loup Chretien Wendy Lawrence David Wolf (up) Michael Foale (down) |
25-Sep-97 |
6-Oct-97 |
10d:19h:22m |
Mir-Docking/7; Spacehab-DM; crew exchange (Wolf for Foale). |
| STS-87 Columbia (USA) |
Kevin Kregel Steve Lindsey Kalpana Chawla Winston Scott Takao Doi Leonid Kadenyuk |
19-Nov-97 |
5-Dec-97 |
15d:16h:35m |
Microgravity Payload USMP-4; SPARTAN-201; 2 EVAs; small payloads. |
| STS-89 Endeavour (USA) |
Terrence Wilcutt Joe Edwards James Reilly Michael Anderson Bonnie Dunbar Salizhan Sharipov Andrew Thomas (up) David Wolf (down) |
23-Jan-98 |
31-Jan-98 |
8d:19h:48m |
Mir-Docking/8; Spacehab-DM; crew exchange (Thomas for Wolf). |
| Soyuz TM-27 (Russia) |
Talgat Musabayev Nikolai Budarin Leopold Eyharts (up) Yuri Baturin (down) |
29-Jan-98 |
25-Aug-98 |
207d:12h:51m |
25th Mir long stay; Eyharts (France) returned in Soyuz TM-26; 5 EVAs. |
| STS-90 Columbia (USA) |
Richard Searfoss Scott Altman Kathryn Hire Richard Linnehan Dafydd Williams Jay Buckey James Pawelczyk |
17-Apr-98 |
3-May-98 |
15d:21h:51m |
Neurolab (16th Spacelab); bioreactor; small payloads (GAS). |
| STS-91 Discovery (USA) |
Charles Precourt Dominic Gorie Wendy Lawrence Franklin Chang-Diaz Janet Kavandi Valeri Ryumin Andrew Thomas (down) |
2-Jun-98 |
12-Jun-98 |
9d:19h:55m |
Mir-Docking/9; Spacehab-SM; returned Thomas; first GAS payload. |
| Soyuz TM-28 (Russia) |
Gennadi Padalka Sergei Avdeyev (up) Yuri Baturin (up) Ivan Bella (down) |
13-Aug-98 |
28-Feb-99 |
198d:16h:31m |
26th Mir long stay; Baturin returned in Soyuz TM-27; Avdeyev remained aboard Mir; one EVA. |
| STS-95 Discovery (USA) |
Curtis Brown Steve Lindsey Scott Parazynski Stephen Robinson Pedro Duque Chiaki Mukai John Glenn |
29-Oct-98 |
7-Nov-98 |
8d:21h:45m |
Spacehab-SM, SPARTAN-201; John Glenn reflight. |
| STS-88 Endeavour (USA) |
Robert Cabana Frederick Sturckow Nancy Currie Jerry Ross James Newman Sergei Krikalyov |
4-Dec-98 |
16-Dec-98 |
11d:19h:19m |
1st International Space Station (ISS) assembly flight 2A, Unity Module; 3 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 21h:22m; first habitation of ISS. |
| Soyuz TM-29 (Russia) |
Viktor Afanasyev Jean-Pierre Haignere Ivan Bella (up) Sergei Avdeyev (down) |
20-Feb-99 |
28-Aug-99 |
188d:20h:16m |
27th Mir long stay; Bella first Slovak in space, returned in Soyuz TM-28; returned Avdeyev; three EVAs. |
| STS-96 Discovery (USA) |
Kent Rominger Rick Husband Ellen Ochoa Tamara Jernigan Daniel Barry Julie Payette Valeri Tokarev |
27-May-99 |
6-Jun-99 |
9d:19h:14m |
2nd ISS assembly flight 2A.1, Spacehab-DM, Starshine; first docking with ISS; 1 EVA for 2 crew totaling 7h:55m. |
| STS-93 Columbia (USA) |
Eileen Collins Jeffrey Ashby Steven Hawley Catherine Coleman Michel Tognini |
23-Jul-99 |
28-Jul-99 |
4d:22h:50m |
Deployed Chandra/AXAF; first female commander (Collins). |
| STS-103 Discovery (USA) |
Curtis Brown Scott Kelly Steven Smith Michael Foale John Grunsfeld Claude Nicollier Jean-Francois Clervoy |
20-Dec-99 |
28-Dec-99 |
7d:23h:12m |
3rd Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission; 3 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 24h:33m. |
| STS-99 Endeavour (USA) |
Kevin Kregel Dominic Gorie Janet Kavandi Janice Voss Mamoru Mohri Gerhard Thiele |
11-Feb-00 |
22-Feb-00 |
11d:05h:40m |
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM); used radar systems to obtain high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth. |
| Soyuz TM-30 (Russia) |
Sergei Zalyotin Aleksandr Kaleri |
4-Apr-00 |
16-Jun-00 |
72d:19h:42m |
28th & final Mir long stay; reactivated Mir under contract with MirCorp (a private concern); returned 16-Jun-00. |
| STS-101 Atlantis (USA) |
James Halsell Scott Horowitz Mary Weber Jeffrey Williams James Voss Susan Helms Yuri Usachyov |
19-May-00 |
29-May-00 |
9d:20h:10m |
3rd ISS assembly flight 2A.2a, Spacehab-DM; 1 EVA for 2 crew totaling 6h:44m. |
| STS-106 Atlantis (USA) |
Terrence Wilcutt Scott Altman Daniel Burbank Edward Lu Richard Mastracchio Yuri Malenchenko Boris Morukov |
8-Sep-00 |
20-Sep-00 |
11d:19h:12m |
4th ISS assembly flight 2A.2b, Spacehab-DM; 1 EVA for 2 crew totaling 6h:14m. |
| STS-92 Discovery (USA) |
Brian Duffy Pamela Melroy Koichi Wakata Leroy Chiao Peter Wisoff Michael Lopez-Alegria William McArthur |
11-Oct-00 |
24-Oct-00 |
12d:21h:44m |
5th ISS assembly flight 3A, PMA-3, IMAX; 4 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 27h:19m. |
| Soyuz TM-31 (Russia) |
Sergei Krikalyov (up) Yuri Gidzenko (up) William Shepherd (up) Talgat Musabayev (down) Yuri Baturin (down) Dennis Tito (down) |
31-Oct-00 |
6-May-01 |
186d:21h:49m |
Delivered Expedition 1 crew (Shepherd, Gidzenko, Krikalyov), first ISS extended stay totaling 136 days on ISS; returned in STS-102. |
| STS-97 Endeavour (USA) |
Brent Jett Michael Bloomfield Joseph Tanner Carlos Noriega Marc Garneau |
1-Dec-00 |
11-Dec-00 |
10d:19h:58m |
6th ISS assembly flight 4A, PV Module P6; 3 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 19h:20m. |
| STS-98 Atlantis (USA) |
Kenneth Cockrell Mark Polansky Robert Curbeam Thomas Jones Marsha Ivins |
7-Feb-01 |
20-Feb-01 |
12d:21h:21m |
7th ISS assembly flight 5A, US Lab; 3 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 19h:49m, final EVA 100th in U.S. history. |
| STS-102 Discovery (USA) |
James Wetherbee James Kelly Andrew Thomas Paul Richards Yuri Usachyov (up) James Voss (up) Susan Helms (up) William Shepherd (down) Yuri Gidzenko (down) Sergei Krikalyov (down) |
8-Mar-01 |
21-Mar-01 |
12d:19h:51m |
8th ISS assembly flight 5A.1, Leonardo MPLM; External Stowage Platform; delivered Expedition 2 crew (Usachyov, Voss, Helms), returned Expedition 1 crew (Shepherd, Gidzenko, Krikalyov); 2 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 15h:26m. |
| STS-100 Endeavour (USA) |
Kent Rominger Jeffrey Ashby Chris Hadfield Scott Parazynski John Phillips Umberto Guidoni Yuri Lonchakov |
19-Apr-01 |
1-May-01 |
11d:21h:31m |
9th ISS assembly flight 6A, Canadarm2, Raffaello MPLM; 2 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 14h:50m. |
| Soyuz TM-32 (Russia) |
Talgat Musabayev (up) Yuri Baturin (up) Dennis Tito (up) Viktor Afanasyev (down) Konstantin Kozeyev (down) Claudie Haignere (down) |
28-Apr-01 |
31-Oct-01 |
185d:21h:23m |
Exchanged Soyuz TM-32 for TM-31 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; Tito first space "tourist" having paid $20 million for trip. |
| STS-104 Atlantis (USA) |
Steve Lindsey Charles Hobaugh Michael Gernhardt James Reilly Janet Kavandi |
12-Jul-01 |
25-Jul-01 |
12d:18h:37m |
10th ISS assembly flight 7A, ISS Airlock; 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 16h:30m. |
| STS-105 Discovery (USA) |
Scott Horowitz Frederick Sturckow Daniel Barry Patrick Forrester Frank Culbertson (up) Vladimir Dezhurov (up) Mikhail Tyurin (up) Yuri Usachyov (down) James Voss (down) Susan Helms (down) |
10-Aug-01 |
22-Aug-01 |
11d:21h:14m |
9th ISS assembly flight 6A, Canadarm2, Raffaello MPLM; 2 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 14h:50m. |
| Soyuz TM-33 (Russia) |
Viktor Afanasyev (up)Konstantin Kozeyev (up) Claudie Haignere (up) Yuri Gidzenko (down) Roberto Vittori (down) Mark Shuttleworth (down) |
21-Oct-01 |
5-May-02 |
195d:18h:52m |
Exchanged Soyuz TM-33 for TM-32 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle. |
| STS-108 Endeavour (USA) |
Dominic Gorie Mark Kelly Linda Godwin Daniel Tani Yuri Onufrienko (up) Carl Walz (up) Daniel Bursch (up) Frank Culbertson (down) Vladimir Dezhurov (down) Mikhail Tyurin (down) |
5-Dec-01 |
17-Dec-01 |
11d:19h:37m |
ISS utilization flight UF-1, Raffaello MPLM, GAS, MACH-1; delivered Expedition 4 crew (Onufrienko, Walz, Bursch), returned Expedition 3 crew (Culbertson, Dezhurov, Tyurin); 1 EVA for 2 crew totaling 4h:12m. |
| STS-109 Columbia (USA) |
Scott Altman Duane Carey John Grunsfeld Nancy Currie James Newman Richard Linnehan Michael Massimino |
1-Mar-02 |
12-Mar-02 |
10d:22h:11m |
4th Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission, Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS); 5 EVA for 4 crew totaling 35h:55m. |
| STS-110 Atlantis (USA) |
Michael Bloomfield Stephen Frick Jerry Ross Steven Smith Ellen Ochoa Lee Morin Rex Walheim |
8-Apr-02 |
19-Apr-02 |
10d:19h:44m |
ISS assembly flight 8A, Center Integrated Truss Assembly S0 (ITS S0), Mobile Transporter (MT); 4 EVA for 4 crew totaling 28h:22m. |
| Soyuz TM-34 (Russia) |
Yuri Gidzenko (up) Roberto Vittori (up) Mark Shuttleworth (up)Sergei Zalyotin (down) Frank De Winne (down) Yuri Lonchakov (down) |
25-Apr-02 |
10-Nov-02 |
198d:17h:38m |
Exchanged Soyuz TM-34 for TM-33 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; Shuttleworth first South African in space and 2nd space tourist. |
| STS-111 Endeavour (USA) |
Kenneth Cockrell Paul Lockhart Franklin Chang-Diaz Philippe Perrin Valeri Korzun (up) Sergei Treschev (up) Peggy Whitson (up) Yuri Onufrienko (down) Carl Walz (down) Daniel Bursch (down) |
5-Jun-02 |
19-Jun-02 |
13d:20h:36m |
ISS utilization flight UF-2, Leonardo MPLM, Mobile Base System (MBS); delivered Expedition 5 crew (Korzun, Treschev, Whitson), returned Expedition 4 crew (Onufrienko, Walz, Bursch); 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 19h:31m. |
| STS-112 Atlantis (USA) |
Jeffrey Ashby Pamela Melroy David Wolf Piers Sellers Sandra Magnus Fyodor Yurchikhin |
7-Oct-02 |
18-Oct-02 |
10d:19h:59m |
ISS assembly flight 9A, Integrated Truss Assembly S1 (ITS S1), Crew Equipment Translation Aid (CETA); 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 19h:41m. |
| Soyuz TMA-1 (Russia) |
Sergei Zalyotin (up) Frank De Winne (up) Yuri Lonchakov (up) Nikolai Budarin (down) Kenneth Bowersox (down) Donald Pettit (down) |
30-Oct-02 |
04-May-03 |
185d:22h:53m |
Exchanged Soyuz TMA-1 for TM-34 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; returned Expedition 6 crew (Bowersox, Budarin, Pettit). |
| STS-113 Endeavour (USA) |
James Wetherbee Paul Lockhart Michael Lopez-Alegria John Herrington Kenneth Bowersox (up) Nikolai Budarin (up) Donald Pettit (up) Valeri Korzun (down) Sergei Treschev (down) Peggy Whitson (down) |
24-Nov-02 |
7-Dec-02 |
13d:18h:49m |
ISS assembly flight 11A, Integrated Truss Assembly P1 (ITS P1), CETA; delivered Expedition 6 crew (Bowersox, Budarin, Pettit), returned Expedition 5 crew (Korzun, Treschev, Whitson); 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 19h:55m. |
| STS-107 Columbia (USA) |
Rick Husband William McCool Michael Anderson Kalpana Chawla David Brown Laurel Clark Ilan Ramon |
16-Jan-03 |
1-Feb-03 |
15d:22h:20m |
Spacehab-DM, Freestar; Ramon first Israeli in space; orbiter broke up during reentry resulting in the loss of both vehicle and crew. |
| Soyuz TMA-2 (Russia) |
Yuri Malenchenko Edward Lu Pedro Duque (down) |
26-Apr-03 |
27-Oct-03 |
183d:22h:46m |
Exchanged Soyuz TMA-2 for TMA-1 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered & returned Expedition 7 crew (Malenchenko, Lu). |
| Shenzhou 5 (China) |
Yang Liwei |
15-Oct-03 |
15-Oct-03 |
21h:23m |
First Chinese manned flight (14 orbits). |
| Soyuz TMA-3 (Russia) |
Aleksandr Kaleri Michael Foale Pedro Duque (up) Andre Kuipers (down) |
18-Oct-03 |
30-Apr-04 |
194d:18h:33m |
Exchanged Soyuz TMA-3 for TMA-2 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered & returned Expedition 8 crew (Foale, Kaleri); Duque first Spaniard in space. |
| Soyuz TMA-4 (Russia) |
Gennadi Padalka Michael Fincke Andre Kuipers (up) Yuri Shargin (down) |
19-Apr-04 |
24-Oct-04 |
187d:21h:16m |
Exchanged Soyuz TMA-4 for TMA-3 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered & returned Expedition 9 crew (Padalka, Fincke). |
| SpaceShipOne, Flight 15 (private) |
Michael Melvill |
21-Jun-04 |
21-Jun-04 |
24m:05s |
First of two flights to claim Ansari X-prize; suborbital reaching 337,569 feet (102,891 m) altitude. |
| SpaceShipOne, Flight 16 (private) | Michael Melvill | 29-Sep-04 |
29-Sep-04 |
24m:11s |
First of two flights to claim Ansari X-prize; suborbital reaching 337,569 feet (102,891 m) altitude. |
| SpaceShipOne, Flight 17 (private) |
Brian Binnie |
4-Oct-04 |
4-Oct-04 |
23m:56s |
Second of two flights to claim Ansari X-prize; suborbital reaching 367,442 feet (111,997 m) setting rocket-plane altitude record. |
| Soyuz TMA-5 (Russia) |
Salizhan Sharipov Leroy Chiao Yuri Shargin (up) Roberto Vittori (down) |
14-Oct-04 |
24-Apr-05 |
192d:19h:02m |
Exchanged Soyuz TMA-5 for TMA-4 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered & returned Expedition 10 crew (Chiao, Sharipov). |
| Soyuz TMA-6 (Russia) |
Sergei Krikalyov John Phillips Roberto Vittori (up) Gregory Olsen (down) |
15-Apr-05 |
11-Oct-05 |
179d:00h:23m |
Exchanged Soyuz TMA-6 for TMA-5 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 11 crew (Krikalyov, Phillips). |
| STS-114 Discovery (USA) |
Eileen Collins James Kelly Charles Camarda Wendy Lawrence Soichi Noguchi Stephen Robinson Andrew Thomas |
26-Jul-05 |
09-Aug-05 |
13d:21h:33m |
ISS logistics flight LF-1, Raffaello MPLM, deployed ESP-2; test and evaluate new safety procedures; 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 20h:05m. |
| Soyuz TMA-7 (Russia) |
Valeri Tokarev William McArthur Gregory Olsen (up) Macros Pontes (down) |
1-Oct-05 |
08-Apr-06 |
189d:19h:53m |
Exchanged Soyuz TMA-7 for TMA-6 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 12 crew (McArthur, Tokarev); Olsen 3rd space tourist. |
| Shenzhou 6 (China) |
Fei Junlong Nie Haishen |
12-Oct-05 |
16-Oct-05 |
4d:19h:32m |
Second Chinese manned flight; first two man crew (76 orbits). |
| Soyuz TMA-8 (Russia) |
Pavel Vinogradov Jeffrey Williams Macros Pontes (up)Anousheh Ansari (down) |
30-Mar-06 |
29-Sep-06 |
182d:22h:43m |
Exchanged Soyuz TMA-8 for TMA-7 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 13 crew (Vinogradov, Williams); Pontes first Brazilain in space. |
| STS-121 Discovery (USA) |
Steve Lindsey Mark Kelly Mike Fossum Lisa Nowak Stephanie Wilson Piers Sellers Thomas Reiter (up) |
4-Jul-06 |
17-Jul-06 |
12d:18h:37m |
ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-1.1, Leonardo MPLM, performed ISS maintenance, delivered supplies & crewmember Reiter, tested new safety equipment & procedures; 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 21h:29m |
| STS-115 Atlantis (USA) |
Brent Jett Christopher Ferguson Joseph Tanner Daniel Burbank Steven MacLean Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper |
9-Sep-06 |
21-Sep-06 |
11d:19h:07m |
ISS assembly flight 12A, installed the P3/P4 integrated truss and second set of solar arrays with rotary joint; 3 EVA for 4 crew totaling 20h:19m |
| Soyuz TMA-9 (Russia) |
Mikhail Tyurin Michael Lopez-Alegria Anousheh Ansari (up) Charles Simonyi (down) |
18-Sep-06 |
21-Apr-07 |
11d:19h:07m |
ISS assembly flight 12A, installed the P3/P4 integrated truss and second set of solar arrays with rotary joint; 3 EVA for 4 crew totaling 20h:19m. |
| STS-116 Discovery (USA) |
Mark Polansky William Oefelein Robert Curbeam Joan Higginbotham Nicholas Patrick Christer Fuglesang Sunita Williams (up) Thomas Reiter (down) |
9-Dec-06 |
22-Dec-06 |
12d:20h:45m |
ISS assembly flight 12A.1, installed the P5 integrated truss, rewired ISS power system, Spacehab-SM, exchanged crewmembers Williams & Reiter; 4 EVA for 3 crew totaling 25h:45m, record 4 EVA in one mission by Curbeam; Fuglesang first Swede in space. |
| Soyuz TMA-10 (Russia) |
Fyodor Yurchikhin Oleg Kotov Charles Simonyi (up) Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor (down) |
7-Apr-07 |
21-Oct-07 |
196d:17h:05m |
Exchanged Soyuz TMA-10 for TMA-9 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 15 crew (Yurchikhin, Kotov); Simonyi 5th space tourist. |
| STS-117 Atlantis (USA) |
Frederick Sturchow Lee Archambault Patrick Forrester Steven Swanson John Olivas James Reilly Clayton Anderson (up) Sunita Williams (down) |
8-Jun-07 |
22-Jun-07 |
13d:20h:12m |
ISS assembly flight 13A, installed the S3/S4 integrated truss and third set of solar arrays with rotary joint, exchanged crewmembers Anderson & Williams; 4 EVA for 4 crew totaling 27h:58m. |
| STS-118 Endeavour (USA) |
Scott Kelly Charles Hobaugh Tracy Caldwell Richard Mastracchio Dafydd Williams Barbara Morgan B. Alvin Drew |
8-Aug-07 |
21-Aug-07 |
12d:17h:56m |
ISS assembly flight 13A.1, installed the S5 integrated truss, deployed ESP-3, replaced CMG-3; first use of station-to-shuttle power transfer system (SSPTS); 4 EVA for 2 crew + 1 ISS crew totaling 23h:15m. |
| Soyuz TMA-11 (Russia) |
Yuri Malenchenko, Peggy Whitson, Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor (up), Yi So-yeon (down) |
10-Oct-07 |
19-Apr-08 |
191d:19h:07m |
Exchanged Soyuz TMA-11 for TMA-10 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 16 crew (Whitson, Malenchenko). Shukor first Malaysian in space; Whitson first female ISS commander. |
| STS-120 Discovery (USA) |
Pamela Melroy George Zamka Scott Parazynski Stephanie Wilson Douglas Wheelock Paolo Nespoli Daniel Tani (up) Clayton Anderson (down) |
23-Oct-07 |
7-Nov-07 |
15d:02h:24m |
ISS assembly flight 10A, installed Harmony Node 2 module, relocated P6 integrated truss, exchanged crewmembers Tani & Anderson; 4 EVA for 3 crew totaling 27h:14m |
| STS-122 Atlantis (USA) |
Stephen Frick Alan Poindexter Leland Melvin Rex Walheim Hans Schlegel Stanley Love Leopold Eyharts (up) Daniel Tani (down) |
7-Feb-08 |
20-Feb-08 |
12d:18h:22m |
ISS assembly flight 1E, delivered ESA's Columbus Laboratory, exchanged crewmembers Eyharts & Tani; 3 EVA for 3 crew totaling 22h:08m. |
| STS-123 Endeavour (USA) |
Dominic Gorie Gregory Johnson Robert Behnken Michael Foreman Richard Linnehan Takao Doi Garrett Reisman (up) Leopold Eyharts (down) |
11-Mar-08 |
27-Mar-08 |
15d:18h:12m |
ISS assembly flight 1J/A, delivered Japanese Kibo Experiment Logistics Module and Canadian Dextre Robotics System, first full utilization of SSPTS, exchanged crewmembers Reisman & Eyharts; 5 EVA for 4 crew totaling 33h:28m. |
| Soyuz TMA-12 (Russia) |
Sergei Volkov Oleg Kononenko Yi So-yeon (up) Richard Garriott (down) |
8-Apr-08 |
24-Oct-08 |
198d:16h:20m |
Exchanged Soyuz TMA-12 for TMA-11 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 17 crew (Volkov, Kononenko). Yi first Korean in space; Volkov first 2nd generation cosmonaut. |
| STS-124 Discovery (USA) |
Mark Kelly Kenneth Ham Karen Nyberg Ronald Garan Michael Fossum Akihiko Hoshide Gregory Chamitoff (up) Garrett Reisman (down) |
31-May-08 |
14-Jun-08 |
13d:18h:13m |
ISS assembly flight 1J, delivered Japanese Kibo Pressurized Module and Remote Manipulator System, exchanged crewmembers Chamitoff & Reisman; 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 20h:32m. |
| Shenzhou 7 (China) |
Zhai Zhigang Liu Boming Jing Haipeng |
25-Sep-08 |
28-Sep-08 |
2d:20h:27m |
First Chinese three man crew; first Chinese EVA by Zhai (20 min); released sub-satellite (40 kg). |
| Soyuz TMA-13 (Russia) |
Yuri Lonchakov Michael Fincke Richard Garriott (up) Charles Simonyi (down) |
12-Oct-08 |
08-Apr-09 |
178d:00h:14m |
Exchanged Soyuz TMA-13 for TMA-12 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 18 crew (Fincke, Lonchakov). Tourist Garriott first 2nd generation American in space. |
| STS-126 Endeavour (USA) |
Christopher Ferguson Eric Boe Donald Pettit Stephen Bowen Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper Robert Kimbrough Sandra Magnus (up) Gregory Chamitoff (down) |
15-Nov-08 |
30-Nov-08 |
15d:20h:30m |
ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-2, Leonardo MPLM, delivered life support & habitability systems, performed ISS maintenance, exchanged crewmembers Magnus & Chamitoff; 4 EVA for 3 crew totaling 26h:41m. |
| STS-119 Discovery (USA) |
Lee Archambault Dominic Antonelli Joseph Acaba Steven Swanson Richard Arnold John Phillips Koichi Wakata (up) Sandra Magnus (down) |
15-Mar-09 |
28-Mar-09 |
12d:19h:30m |
ISS assembly flight 15A, installed the S6 integrated truss and fourth set of solar arrays, exchanged crewmembers Wakata & Magnus; 3 EVA for 3 crew totaling 19h:04m. |
| Soyuz TMA-14 (Russia) |
Gennadi Padalka Michael Barratt Charles Simonyi (up) Guy Laliberté (down) |
26-Mar-09 |
11-Oct-09 |
198d:16h:42m |
Exchanged Soyuz TMA-14 for TMA-13 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 19/20 crew (Padalka, Barratt). Simonyi makes second trip as space tourist. |
| STS-125 Atlantis (USA) |
Scott Altman Gregory Johnson Michael Good Megan McArthur John Grunsfeld Mike Massimino Andrew Feustel |
11-May-09 |
24-May-09 |
12d:21h:37m |
Fifth Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission (last planned); 5 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 36h:56m. |
| Soyuz TMA-15 (Russia) |
Roman Romanenko Frank De Winne Robert Thirsk |
27-May-09 |
1-Dec-09 |
187d:20h:41m |
Delivered Expedition 20/21 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle. Start of six-person crew operations on ISS. |
| STS-127 Endeavour (USA) |
Mark Polansky Douglas Hurley Christopher Cassidy Julie Payette Thomas Marshburn David Wolf Timothy Kopra (up) Koichi Wakata (down) |
15-Jun-09 |
31-Jul-09 |
15d:16h:45m |
ISS assembly flight 2J/A, delivered Japanese Kibo Exposed Facility and Exposed Section of Experiment Logistics Module, exchanged crewmembers Kopra & Wakata; 5 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 30h:30m. |
| STS-128 Discovery (USA) |
Frederick Sturckow Kevin Ford Patrick Forrester Jose Hernandez Christer Fuglesang John Olivas Nicole Stott (up) Timothy Kopra (down) |
29-Aug-09 |
12-Sep-09 |
13d:20h:54m |
ISS assembly flight 17A, Leonardo MPLM, Lightweight Multi-Purpose Experiment Support Structure Carrier, exchanged crewmembers Stott & Kopra; 3 EVAs for 3 crew totaling 20h:15m. |
| Soyuz TMA-16 (Russia) |
Maksim Surayev Jeffrey Williams Guy Laliberté (up) |
30-Sep-09 |
18-Mar-10 |
169d:04h:10m |
Exchanged Soyuz TMA-16 for TMA-14 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 21/22 crew (Williams, Surayev). Laliberté first Canadian space tourist. |
| STS-129 Atlantis (USA) |
Charles Hobaugh Barry Wilmore Leland Melvin Randolph Bresnik Michael Foreman Robert Satcher Nicole Stott (down) |
16-Nov-09 |
27-Nov-09 |
10d:19h:16m |
ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-3, ExPRESS Logistic Carriers ELC-1 & ELC-2, delivered spare components; 3 EVAs for 3 crew totaling 18h:27m. |
| Soyuz TMA-17 (Russia) |
Oleg Kotov Timothy Creamer Soichi Noguchi |
20-Dec-09 |
2-Jun-10 |
163d:05h:32m |
Delivered Expedition 22/23 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle. |
| STS-130 Endeavour (USA) |
George Zamka Terry Virts Kathryn Hire Stephen Robinson Nicholas Patrick Robert Behnken |
8-Feb-10 |
22-Feb-10 |
13d:18h:08m |
ISS assembly flight 20A, delivered Tranquility Module (Node 3) and Cupola; 3 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 18h:14m. |
| Soyuz TMA-18 (Russia) |
Aleksandr Skvortsov Mikhail Korniyenko Tracy Caldwell-Dyson |
2-Apr-10 |
25-Sep-10 |
176d:01h:19m |
Delivered Expedition 23/24 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle. |
| STS-131 Discovery (USA) |
Alan Poindexter James Dutton Richard Mastracchio Dorothy Metcalf Lindenburger Stephanie Wilson, Naoko Yamazaki Clayton Anderson |
5-Apr-10 |
20-Apr-10 |
15d:02h:47m |
ISS assembly flight 19A, Leonardo MPLM, replaced ammonia tank & rate gyro assemblies; 3 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 20h:17m. |
| STS-132 Atlantis (USA) |
Kenneth Ham Dominic Antonelli Garrett Reisman Michael Good Stephen Bowen Piers Sellers |
14-May-10 |
26-May-10 |
11d:18h:29m |
ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-4, delivered Russian Rassvet Mini-Research Module; 3 EVAs for 3 crew totaling 21h:20m. |
| Soyuz TMA-19 (Russia) |
Fyodor Yurchikhin Shannon Walker Douglas Wheelock |
15-Jun-10 |
26-Nov-10 |
163d:07h:11m |
Delivered Expedition 24/25 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle. |
| Soyuz TMA-01M (Russia) |
Aleksandr Kaleri Oleg Skripochka Scott Kelly |
7-Oct-10 |
16-Mar-11 |
159d:08h:43m |
Delivered Expedition 25/26 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle. |
| Soyuz TMA-20 (Russia) |
Dmitri Kondratiyev Paolo Nespoli Catherine Coleman |
15-Dec-10 |
24-May-11 |
159d:07h:18m |
Delivered Expedition 26/27 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle. |
| STS-133 Discovery (USA) |
Steven Lindsey Eric Boe Nicole Stott Alvin Drew Michael Barratt Stephen Bowen |
24-Feb-11 |
9-Mar-11 |
12d:19h:05m |
ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-5, ExPRESS Logistics Carrier ELC-4, Permanent Multi-Purpose Module (PMM); 2 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 12h:48m. Last flight of Discovery. |
| Soyuz TMA-21 (Russia) |
Andrei Borisenko Aleksandr Samokutyayev Ronald Garan |
4-Apr-11 |
Planned Sep-11 |
TBD |
Delivered Expedition 27/28 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle. |
| STS-134 Endeavour (USA) |
Mark Kelly Gregory Johnson Michael Fincke Roberto Vittori Andrew Feustel Gregory Chamitoff |
16-May-11 |
1-Jun-11 |
15d:17h:39m |
ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-6, ExPRESS Logistics Carrier ELC-3, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS); 4 EVAs for 3 crew totaling 28h:44m. Last flight of Endeavour. |
| Soyuz TMA-02M (Russia) |
Sergei Volkov Michael Fossum Satoshi Furukawa |
7-Jun-11 |
Planned Nov-11 |
TBD |
Delivered Expedition 28/29 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle |
| STS-135 Atlantis (USA) |
Christopher Ferguson Douglas Hurley Sandra Magnus Rex Walheim |
8-Jul-11 |
21-Jul-11 |
12d:18h:29m |
ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-7, Raffaello MPLM, Lightweight Multi-Purpose Carrier (LMC). Last flight of Atlantis, final mission of Space Shuttle program. |
| Soyuz TMA-22 (Russia) | Anton Shkaplerov Anatoli Ivanishin Daniel C. Burbank |
14-Nov-11 | 27-Apr-12 | TBD | TMA-22 was the final flight of a Soyuz-TMA vehicle, following the design's replacement by the modernized TMA-M series. The launch of Soyuz TMA-22 was originally scheduled for 30 September 2011, but was delayed until 14 November following the launch failure of the Progress M-12M resupply vehicle on 24 August 2011. Soyuz TMA-22 was the first manned mission to dock with the ISS since the retirement of the American Space Shuttle fleet at the end of the STS-135 mission in July 2011 |
| Shenzhou 9 (China) | Jing Haipeng Liu Wang Liu Yang |
16-Jun-12 10:37:24 UTC |
29-Jun-12 02:01:16 UTC |
Shenzhou 9 docked with China's first space lab Tiangong-1 at 06:07 UTC on 18 June, marking China's first manned spacecraft rendezvous and docking. This docking was remotely controlled from a ground station. After about 3 hours, when the pressures inside the vessels were equalized, Jing Haipeng entered into Tiangong-1. Six days later, Shenzhou 9 detached from the station and then redocked manually under the control of crew member LiuWang, making it the first manual docking for the Chinese program. Shenzhou 9 landed by parachute in Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia on 29 June 2012. | |
| Soyuz TMA-03M (Russia) | Oleg Kononenko Andre Kuipers Donald Pettit |
21-Dec-11 13:16 UTC |
01-Jul-12 08:14 UTC |
TMA-03M is the 112th flight of a Russian Soyuz spacecraft, since the first in 1967, and the third flight of the modernised Soyuz-TMA-M version. |
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| Soyuz TMA-04M (Russia) | Gennady Padalka Sergei Revin Joseph M. Acaba |
15-May-12 03:01:23 UTC |
17-Sep-12 02:53 UTC |
The spacecraft docked with the International Space Station on Thursday, May 17, at 4:36 UTC, linking to the Poisk docking module. |
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| Soyuz TMA-05M (Russia) | Yuri Malenchenko Sunita Williams Akihiko Hoshide |
15-Jul-12 02:40:-3 UTC |
19-Nov-12 01:53:30 UTC |
The Soyuz remained docked to the ISS throughout the mission to serve as an emergency escape vehicle. The launch also coincided with the 37th anniversary of the Apollo-Soyuz test project.The Crew activated the KURS Navigation System that provides accurate range and velocity data for the spacecraft's on-board computers. The station crew of Padalka, Revin and Acaba got up early changing their sleep cycles to support the rendezvous and docking operations of the Soyuz. Although the rendezvous and docking sequence is fully automated, cosmonaut Malenchenko and Russian mission controllers in Korolev, Moscow monitored the systems as well | |
| Soyuz TMA-06M (Russia) | Oleg Novitskiy Evgeny Tarelkin Kevin A. Ford |
23-Oct-12 10:51:11 GMT |
-Mar-12 | Soyuz TMA-06M carried 32 Medaka Fish that will be used to test how conditions in space impact on living organisms. The fish will live inside a fish tank, called the Aquatic Habitat (AQH) in the Japanese Kibo LabModule, which was delivered to the space station by JAXA's Kounotori 3 spacecraft in July 2012 | |
| Soyuz TMA-07M (Russia) | Roman Romanenko Chris Hadfield Thomas Marshburn |
19-Dec-12 12:12:36 UTC |
-May-13 | The Soyuz is scheduled to remain docked to the space station for the Expedition 35 increment to serve as an emergency escape vehicle. |
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