Yuri Gidzenko
(First Space Flight)
Sergei Avdeyev
(Second Space Flight) Flight Engineer
Thomas Reiter
(First Space Flight) Flight Engineer Euro Mir 95
Backup Crew:  Manakov Gennadi Mikhailovich Commander
Vinogradov Pavel Vladimirovich Flight Engineer
Fuglesang Arne Christer Flight Engineer









Command Pilot:










Command Pilot:












   

    










 









 









The Soyuz Space  Missions



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Pages within this section: Soyuz  (EE)

Soyuz TM-22

Pages within this section:
courtesy: Wikipedia.org
spacefacts.de
Cosmonauts                
Soyuz 78 TM-22
Soyuz 22 - 23rd expedition to Mir.

Soyuz TM-22 was a Russian transport spacecraft that transported cosmonauts to the Mir space station for a 135-day stay. It was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome and docked on September 5, 1995 with Mir's Kvant-2 module at the port that was vacated by Progress M-28 a day before

The cosmonauts installed two dust collectors, a space environment monitoring package, and a control electronics box. The dust collectors had motorized covers operable from within Mir. One of the dust collectors remained open at all times unless a Shuttle, Soyuz-TM, or Progress-M was near the station, then it was closed to avoid spacecraft thruster contamination. The other was opened only when Earth passed through dust left behind by comets. Yuri Gidzenko powered up the ESEF-1 instrument from inside Mir and verified that it was functioning as expected. Thomas Reiter and Sergei Avdeyev then moved to a second worksite 2 m (6.5 ft) away from ESEF-1, where they replaced exposure cartridges with cartridges delivered by Progress M-29.

On November 15, 1995 Space Shuttle STS-74 docked with Mir space station.
STS-74 was a Space Shuttle Atlantis mission to the Mir space station. It was the fourth mission of the
US/Russian Shuttle-Mir Program, and it carried out the second docking of a space shuttle to Mir. The mission delivered the Russian-built Mir Docking Module to the station along with a pair of solar arrays, and was the second in a series of seven straight missions to the station flown by Atlantis.
This mission marked the first-time astronauts from the European Space Agency, Canada, Russia and the U.S. were in space on the same complex at one time - a prime example of nations that will be represented on the International Space Station.

The Russian-built Docking Module (DM), carried aloft by Atlantis and left attached to the Kristall module of the Mir space station, was designed to allow Shuttle-Mir dockings with the Kristall module located at the Mir radial port.
Without the DM, Kristall would have to be moved to the longitudinal axis of Mir to provide clearance for each Shuttle docking. The longitudinal axis location was undesirable for Kristall because the longitudinal port was normally a location for Progress resupply modules and Soyuz spacecraft. In addition, it was not desirable to continually move the Kristall from port to port in preparation for a Shuttle docking.
The DM was 15.4 feet (4.7 meters) long from tip to tip of the identical Androgynous Peripheral Docking Systems (APDS) located on either end. For identification purposes, APDS-1 was the system that was attached to Kristall and APDS-2 was attached to Atlantis. The DM diameter was 7.2 feet (2.2 meters), and the module weighed approximately 9,011 pounds (4,087 kg).
The DM was constructed of aluminum alloy covered on the exterior by Screen Vacuum Thermal Insulation (SVTI) and a micrometeoroid shield over the body of the module. A truss structure was attached to the module to provide latching to the Shuttle while horizontal in the cargo bay, and the truss remained attached to the module after the cargo bay latches were released and the DM was unberthed.
On the exterior of the module, two Mir solar array containers were attached to transport solar arrays to the Mir. The solar array containers were attached on either side of the top of the module as it was situated while in the cargo bay of Atlantis. The solar arrays will be removed from the containers and attached to the Mir during a spacewalk by the Mir cosmonauts after STS-74.
The two solar arrays were different types. One was called the Cooperative Solar Array (CSA) and was built as a cooperative effort between NASA and Russia. The other was a Russian Solar Array (RSA). The Cooperative Solar Array used Russian structures and NASA photovoltaic modules and was designed as part of the Phase 1 operations of the International Space Station Program. The array was expected to provide greater power and longer life expectancy over existing arrays and will help to power U.S. experiments aboard the Mir.
The first EVA was performed by Sergei Avdeyev and Thomas Reiter (first German performing a spacewalk) on October 20, 1995 (5h 16m). On this first EVA by an ESA astronaut, Thomas Reiter led the way out the Kvant2 hatch. Thomas Reiter climbed onto the end of the Strela boom, then Sergei Avdeyev handed him the payload bag, moved him to Spektr, and used Strela as a handrail to join him. The cosmonauts crawled to the opposite side of Spektr to reach the European Space Exposure Facility (ESEF)-1.

Thomas Reiter threaded a tether from the payload bag through wire loops attached to pins on ESEF-1, then pulled the tether to release covers, exposing four attachment sites.
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