Soyuz TM-10 was the tenth expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir.

TM-10 marked the return to earth of Japanese reporter Toyohiro Akiyama.
The Soyuz arrived at Mir's aft port with four passengers: quail for cages in Kvant-2. A quail had laid an egg en route to the station. It was returned to Earth, along with 130 kg of experiment results and industrial products, in Soyuz TM-9 The spacecraft landed without incident.

It spent 131 days attached to Mir. A camera was installed in the descent module as part of the agreement with Akiyama’s network to film the reactions of the returning cosmonauts.

Scientific work (astrophysical, geophysical, Earth observation, space materials science, biological and biotechnological research and experiments) was performed in the Soyuz TM-10-Kvant-Mir-Kvant2-Kristall complex. But they also had to do maintenance and repairing work.

The only EVA in this mission was performed on October 29, 1990 (2h 45m). Gennadi Manakov and Gennadi Strekalov removed thermal insulation. They found that the hatch was beyond their ability to repair. They attached a device to the hatch to allow it to close properly.

Soyuz TM-11 arrived at the station on December 04, 1990 with the Mir-8 relief crew of Viktor Afanasiyev, Musa Manarov (on his second Mir visit), and Japanese television journalist Toyohiro Akiyama. Toyohiro Akiyama's network, the Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS), paid for the flight. The Soviets called this their first commercial spaceflight and claimed to have earned $14 million. The journalist was scheduled to make one 10-min TV broadcast and two 20-min radio broadcasts each day. Electrical power and video and TV system incompatibilities forced the Japanese to make extensive use of converters. His equipment, which weighed about 170 kg, was delivered by Progress-M spacecraft and set up in advance by Gennadi Manakov and Gennadi Strekalov. On December 05, 1990 Toyohiro Akiyama's couch was transferred to Soyuz TM-10. On December 08, 1990 Gennadi Manakov and Gennadi Strekalov commenced loading Soyuz TM-10's descent module with film and experiment results. TBS broadcast the landing of the Mir-7 crew together with Toyohiro Akiyama live from Kazakhstan.