Backup Crew: Commander: Mikhail Tyurin RSA Flight Engineer 1: Richard Mastracchio NASA Flight Engineer 2: Koichi Wakata JAXA
Soyuz TMA-09M was a Russian Soyuz mission to the International Space Station. It transported three members of the Expedition 36 crew to the space station. The Soyuz remained docked to the space station during Expeditions 36 and 37 to serve as an emergency escape vehicle. The spacecraft landed on 11 November 2013, carrying the same three cosmonauts who were aboard for launch. The crew of Soyuz TMA-09M consisted of Fyodor Yurchikhin of Roskosmos, Karen Nyberg of NASA and Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency.
The 35th Soyuz spacecraft to bring crew members to the International Space Station (ISS), TMA-09M was only the second to fly an expedited rendezvous, abbreviating what had previously been a two-day trip. The six-hour, four-orbit flight plan, or scheme, was lobbied for by the crew.
"We decided to take our own initiative and went to our management and we voiced our desire to fly and dock in four orbits," Yurchikhin said at a press conference held on Monday. "And only after three to four weeks after [Soyuz TMA-08M commander] Pavel Vinogradov proved that this scheme is [a] successful one, our initiative was supported and the management actually approved this scheme for our docking."
Vinogradov, with fellow Roscosmos cosmonaut Alexander Misurkin and NASA's Chris Cassidy, arrived on board the space station in March after a five hour, 45 minute flight.
"[Your trip was] even faster than Pavel," Mission Control outside Moscow joked with Yurchikhin after docking. The TMA-09M crew beat the prior crew's time by six minutes.
Yurchikhin, Nyberg and Parmitano are expected to stay on the orbiting lab until mid-November. They will transition to be members of the Expedition 37 crew under Yurchikhin's command when Vinogradov, Misurkin and Cassidy return to Earth in September.
The next five months aboard the space station will mark a particularly busy summer for the station's crew.
In June, Expedition 36 will welcome the arrival of ESA's fourth cargo craft, an Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV-4) dubbed "Albert Einstein," followed at the end of the month by a spacewalk conducted by Yurchikhin and Misurkin. In July, Cassidy and Parmitano will perform two spacewalks, followed soon afterward by another delivery of supplies by a Russian Progress resupply ship.
Later, a Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) will deliver supplies to the station, followed by two more spacewalks by Yurchikhin and Misurkin. And the crew may yet see the arrival of another cargo freighter, the maiden flight of the U.S. commercial craft Cygnus by Orbital Sciences.
In between supply deliveries and spacewalks, the six crew members will also add several key science investigations to the more than 1,600 experiments that have been hosted on the station.
The expedition crew will examine ways to maintain bone health, continue research into how plants grow, and test a new portable gas monitor that is designed to help analyze the environmental status in the station. The astronauts will also continue fuel and combustion experiments to study how fire behaves in space. The research will impact future space missions and could lead to cleaner, more efficient combustion engines on Earth.
