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Rhodium
Atomic Number: 45
Symbol: Rh
Atomic Weight: 102.9055
Discovery: William Wollaston 1803-1804 (England)
Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s1 4d8
Word Origin: Greek rhodon rose. Rhodium salts yield a rosy-colored solution.
Properties: Rhodium metal is silvery-white. When exposed to red heat, the metal slowly changes in air to the sesquioxide. At higher temperatures it converts back to its elemental form. Rhodium has a higher melting point and lower density than platinum. The melting point of rhodium is 1966 +/-3°C, boiling point 3727 +/-100°C, specific gravity 12.41 (20°C), with a valence of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Uses: One major use of rhodium is as an alloying agent to harden platinum and palladium. Because it has a low electrical resistance, rhodium is useful as an electrical contact material. Rhodium has a low and stable contact resistance and is highly resistant to corrosion. Plated rhodium is very hard and has a high reflectance, which makes it useful for optical instruments and jewelry. Rhodium is also used as a catalyst in certain reactions.
Sources: Rhodium occurs with other platinum metals in river sands in the Urals and in North and South America. It is found in the copper-nickel sulfide ores of the Sudbury, Ontario region.
Element Classification: Transition Metal
Density (g/cc): 12.41
Melting Point (K): 2239
Boiling Point (K): 4000
Appearance: silvery-white, hard metal
Atomic Radius (pm): 134
Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 8.3
Covalent Radius (pm): 125
Ionic Radius: 68 (+3e)
Specific Heat (@20°C J/g mol): 0.244
Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 21.8
Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 494
Pauling Negativity Number: 2.28
First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 719.5
Oxidation States: 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
Lattice Structure: Face-Centered Cubic
Lattice Constant (Å): 3.800
References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics (18th Ed.)
Atomic Number: 45
Symbol: Rh
Atomic Weight: 102.9055
Discovery: William Wollaston 1803-1804 (England)
Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s1 4d8
Word Origin: Greek rhodon rose. Rhodium salts yield a rosy-colored solution.
Properties: Rhodium metal is silvery-white. When exposed to red heat, the metal slowly changes in air to the sesquioxide. At higher temperatures it converts back to its elemental form. Rhodium has a higher melting point and lower density than platinum. The melting point of rhodium is 1966 +/-3°C, boiling point 3727 +/-100°C, specific gravity 12.41 (20°C), with a valence of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Uses: One major use of rhodium is as an alloying agent to harden platinum and palladium. Because it has a low electrical resistance, rhodium is useful as an electrical contact material. Rhodium has a low and stable contact resistance and is highly resistant to corrosion. Plated rhodium is very hard and has a high reflectance, which makes it useful for optical instruments and jewelry. Rhodium is also used as a catalyst in certain reactions.
Sources: Rhodium occurs with other platinum metals in river sands in the Urals and in North and South America. It is found in the copper-nickel sulfide ores of the Sudbury, Ontario region.
Element Classification: Transition Metal
Density (g/cc): 12.41
Melting Point (K): 2239
Boiling Point (K): 4000
Appearance: silvery-white, hard metal
Atomic Radius (pm): 134
Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 8.3
Covalent Radius (pm): 125
Ionic Radius: 68 (+3e)
Specific Heat (@20°C J/g mol): 0.244
Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 21.8
Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 494
Pauling Negativity Number: 2.28
First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 719.5
Oxidation States: 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
Lattice Structure: Face-Centered Cubic
Lattice Constant (Å): 3.800
References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics (18th Ed.)
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Elements - Alphabetical:
[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z]
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Ref: R45
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