Powered By Sispro1
Properties of Metals - Metallurgy
For Reference ONLY
Everything For The Detectorist
Non-Commercial Reseach Identification - Source Bibliography
Ruthenium
Symbol: Ru
Atomic Number: 44
Atomic Weight: 101.07
Uses: Ruthenium is one of the best hardeners for addition to palladium or platinum. It is alloyed with these metals to make electrical contacts with extreme wear resistance. One ruthenium-molybdenum alloy is superconductive at 10.6 K. Adding 0.1% ruthenium to titanium improves its corrosion resistance a factor of a hundred. Ruthenium oxides are versatile catalysts.
Sources: Ruthenium occurs with other members of the platium group of metals in the Ural mountains and in North and South America. It is also found in the Sudbury, Ontario nickel-mining region and in the pyroxinite deposits of South Africa. A complex process is used to isolate ruthenium. The final step is hydrogen reduction of ammonium ruthenium chloride to yields a powder that is consolidated by powder metallurgy or argon-arc welding.
Element Classification: Transition Metal
Discovery: Karl Klaus 1844 (Russia)
Density (g/cc): 12.41
Melting Point (K): 2583
Boiling Point (K): 4173
Appearance: silvery-gray, extremely brittle metal
Atomic Radius (pm): 134
Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 8.3
Covalent Radius (pm): 125
Ionic Radius: 67 (+4e)
Specific Heat (@20°C J/g mol): 0.238
Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): (25.5)
Pauling Negativity Number: 2.2
First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 710.3
Oxidation States: 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 0, -2
Electron Configuration: [Kr] 4d7 5s1
Lattice Structure: Hexagonal
Lattice Constant (Å): 2.700
Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.584
References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics (18th Ed.)
Copyright © All Rights Reserved by Nigel G Wilcox · · E-Mail: ngwilcox100@gmail.com
Designed by Nigel G Wilcox
Elements - Alphabetical:
[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z]
In This Group:
[R44] [R88] [R37] [R45] [R75] [R104] [R111] [R86]
Ref: R44
The Paragon Of Metal Detecting
& Archaeology
Pages
Member NCMD
Reference Menu