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Neptunium
Atomic Number: 93
Symbol: Np
Atomic Weight: 237.0482
Discovery: E.M. McMillan and P.H. Abelson 1940 (United States)
Electron Configuration: [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
Word Origin: Named after the planet Neptune.
Isotopes: 20 isotopes of Neptunium are known. The most stable of these is neptunium-237, with a half-life of 2.14 million years Properties: Neptunium has a melting point of 913.2 K, boiling point of 4175 K, heat of fusion of 5.190 kJ/mol, sp. gr. 20.25 at 20°C; valence +3, +4, +5, or +6. Neptunium is a silvery, ductile, radioactive metal. Three allotropes are known. At room temperature it exists primarily in an orthorhombic crystalline state.
Uses: Neptunium-237 is used in neutron-detection equipment. Sources McMillan and Abelson produced neptunium-239 (half-life 2.3 days) by bombarding uranium with neutrons from a cyclotron at the U. of California at Berkeley. Neptunium is also found in very small quantities associated with uranium ores.
Element Classification: Radioactive Rare Earth Element (Actinide Series)
Density (g/cc): 20.25
Melting Point (K): 913
Boiling Point (K): 4175
Appearance: silvery metal
Atomic Radius (pm): 130
Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 21.1
Ionic Radius: 95 (+4e) 110 (+3e)
Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): (9.6)
Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 336
Pauling Negativity Number: 1.36
Oxidation States: 6, 5, 4, 3
Lattice Structure: Orthorhombic
Lattice Constant (Å): 4.720
References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics (18th Ed.)
Atomic Number: 93
Symbol: Np
Atomic Weight: 237.0482
Discovery: E.M. McMillan and P.H. Abelson 1940 (United States)
Electron Configuration: [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
Word Origin: Named after the planet Neptune.
Isotopes: 20 isotopes of Neptunium are known. The most stable of these is neptunium-237, with a half-life of 2.14 million years Properties: Neptunium has a melting point of 913.2 K, boiling point of 4175 K, heat of fusion of 5.190 kJ/mol, sp. gr. 20.25 at 20°C; valence +3, +4, +5, or +6. Neptunium is a silvery, ductile, radioactive metal. Three allotropes are known. At room temperature it exists primarily in an orthorhombic crystalline state.
Uses: Neptunium-237 is used in neutron-detection equipment. Sources McMillan and Abelson produced neptunium-239 (half-life 2.3 days) by bombarding uranium with neutrons from a cyclotron at the U. of California at Berkeley. Neptunium is also found in very small quantities associated with uranium ores.
Element Classification: Radioactive Rare Earth Element (Actinide Series)
Density (g/cc): 20.25
Melting Point (K): 913
Boiling Point (K): 4175
Appearance: silvery metal
Atomic Radius (pm): 130
Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 21.1
Ionic Radius: 95 (+4e) 110 (+3e)
Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): (9.6)
Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 336
Pauling Negativity Number: 1.36
Oxidation States: 6, 5, 4, 3
Lattice Structure: Orthorhombic
Lattice Constant (Å): 4.720
References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics (18th Ed.)
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