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More Indepth notes on Metals
Source: Bibliography
Source: Bibliography
[1-17]
United Kingdom - The Vikings
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| Anglo-Saxons - The Vikings | |
| Year | King |
| 559-560 AD | Glappa |
| 560-568 AD | Adda (Son of Ida) |
| 568-572 AD | AEthelric |
| 572-579 AD | Theodoric (Son of Ida) |
| 579-585 AD | Frithuwald |
| 585-592 AD | Hussa |
| 588-593 AD | AEthelric (AElle) D:593 |
| 592-616 AD | AEthelfrith |
| 616-632 AD | Edwin (St.Edwin) D:632-3 |
| 632-633AD | Eanfrith (Eanfrith) |
| 633-641 AD | Oswald (St. Oswald) |
| 641-670 AD | Oswiu D:651 |
| 644-651 AD | Oswine (St Oswine) K.of Deira |
| 651-654 AD ? | OEthelwald |
| 670-685 AD | Ecgfrith |
| 67?-679 AD | AElfwine D:679 |
| 685-704 AD | Aldfrith D:704 |
| 704-705 AD | Eadwulf |
| 705-716 AD | Osred I D:716 |
| 716-718 AD | Cenred |
| 718-729 AD | Osric D:729 |
| 729-737 AD | Ceolwulf D:760-4 |
| 737-758 AD | Eadberht D:768 |
| 758-759 AD | Oswulf D:759 |
| 759-765 AD | AEelwald Moll |
| 765-774 AD | Alhred |
| 774--779 AD | AEthelred I |
| 779-788 AD | AElfwald I |
| 788-790 AD | Osred II D:792 |
| * 790-796 AD | AEthelred I |
| 796-810 AD | Eardwulf |
| 808 AD | AElfwald II |
| 808-810 AD | Eardwulf |
| 810-840 AD | Eanred |
| 840-844 AD | AEthelred II |
| 844 AD | Raedwulf |
| 844-848 AD | AEthelred II |
| 848-866 AD | Osberht |
| 866-867 AD | Roger of Wendover |
| Viking Era | |
| 867-873 AD | Ecgberht I |
| 873-876 AD | Ricsige D:876 |
| 876 | Halfdene - Ecgberht II |
| 870-871 AD | Bagsecg D:871 |
| 854-860's AD | Horik II (Erik Barn) D:871 |
| 985/995-1035 | Cnut the Great D:1035 |
| 910-990 AD | Egill Skallagrisson D: 990 |
| 880-950 AD | Eric the Victorious D:1014 |
| Godfrid Duke of Frisia D: 885 | |
| c.820- c.856 AD | Godfrid Haraldsson D: 886 |
| 871-899 AD | Guthrum D:980 |
| Halfdan D:877 | |
| 866-900 AD | Guthred D:895 |
| 910-940 AD | Harald Bluetooth D:985-6 |
| 960-1014 AD | Sweyn Forkbeard D:186-7 |
| 870-930 AD | Harald Fairhair |
| 1040's-1047 AD | Harald Hardrada |
| Harald Fairhair | |
| 826 AD | Harald Klak |
| Ivor the Boneless | |
| 1015-1030 AD | Olav Haraldsson (St Olaf) |
| 955-1000 AD | Olaf Tryggvason |
| Ragnar Lodbrok | |
| Rollo of Normandy | |
| Rorik of Dorestad | |
| Sweyn Forkbeaqrd | |
| 878 AD | Ubbe Ragnarsson |
| 1066 AD | William the Conqueror |
Please Note: Research has highlighted conflicting dates or overlapping dates most likely due to joint succession - therefore should be treated as approximations. Key: D:= Death
AD.
436 - This is the time of the legendary Sigurd the dragon slayer.
Son of hero Sigmund and leading figure in the Volsung
saga. Also known as Siegfried.
480 - King Hadding of Denmark. Raised by giants he fought
many a great battle. His tale is filled withfantastic creatures
and magic.
520 - Beowulf. Perhaps the most well known of the Viking
heroes. Known mostly for killing the wicked Grendel.
550 - Hrolf Kraki. Hrolf is another legendary King of Denmark.
His tale is filled with berserkers, witches and all manner of
creatures.
789 - The first Viking attack on England.
793 - Vikings sack the monastery at Lindisfarne in Northumbria.
794 - Vikings attack sites in northern Britain, in what we now call
Scotland.
795 - Irish annals record a Viking raid on Rathlin Island, off
Ireland's north-east coast.
799 - Aquitaine is raided by Vikings.
800 - Coastal defenses are organized by Charlemagne.
- The Oseberg Viking longships are buried about this time.
810 - Frisia is ravaged by the Danish king Godfred.
815 - Floki of Rogaland set out from the Faergoe Isles and
discovered Iceland.
822-823 - Archbishop Ebo of Rheims undertakes a mission to
Denmark.
832 - Vikings raid Armagh in Ireland three times in one month.
835 - The Oseberg ship burial in Norway.
837 - 60 Viking longships entered the mouth of the Boyne and
another 60 sailed up to Liffey. The Vikings devestated
Ireland by ravaging her churches, sanctuaries, and her
shrines.
839 - The Norse leader Turgeis led an impressive army into the
north of Ireland, conquering Ulster, and founding the
harbor-stronghold of Dublin.
840 - Viking settlers found the city of Dublin in Ireland.
841 - Vikings under the leadership of Turgeis founds Dublin,
Ireland
841 - Vikings burns Lillebonne, Caudebec and Roue and
destroys the abbeys of Jumieges and St Wandrille.
843 - Norwegians plunder the town of Nantes in western
France. They then sailed up the Loire as far as Tours and
attacked the whole of France.
844 - A group of Danes sailed up the Guadalquivir and attacked
Seville.
- Viking raid on Seville is repulsed.
845 - The Vikings defile the shrine of Clonmacnoise. Ota, the
wife of the Norse leader Turgeis, performed pagan rites on
the high altar. Turgeis later took the settlement of Armagh
and proclaimed himself king. The Irish later captured him
and drowned him in Loch Owel.
845 - Vikings threaten Paris and are paid a tribute of bullion
worth 7,000 pounds of silver not to attack.
851 - Danish Vikings land in Ireland and join forces with the Irish
to become the rulers of Ireland.
853 - Olaf and Ivar, two sons of a minor Norwegian ruler,
established a Norse kingdom in Dublin.
This kingdom lasted for more than two centuries.
859 - The Danish chieftain Hastein joined forces with another
Viking leader and led a fleet of 60 dragon ships through
the straits of Gibraltar and raided Algeciras and the
coasts of Morocco.
860 - Hastein led his fleet to Italy and sacked Luna, a town that
no longer exists.
- Rus Vikings attack Constantinople (Istanbul).
866 - York is captured by a Viking army.
870 - Iceland is colonised by Vikings.
871 - King Ethelred, the West Saxon king, (wessex) and his
brother Alfred, defeat the Viking army at the Battle of
Ashdown (in Berkshire). Danish advance is halted in
England.
872 - Harald I gains control of Norway.
874 - First settlement of Iceland.
876 - Vikings from Denmark, Norway and Sweden settle
permanently in England.
879 - Rurik establishes Kiev as the centre of the Kievan Rus'
demains.
885 - Birth of Erik Blood-Axe.
886 - Alfred divides Englan with the Danes under Danelaw pact.
900 - The Vikings raid along the Mediterranean coast.
907 - Swedish Viking Oleg the Wise led an army of eighty
thousand men and two thousand ships to Constantinople.
Panic- stricken, the Byzantines paid a large tribute and
agreed to a commercial treaty.
911 - King Alfred formally agrees a boundary between his
kingdom and land ruled by the Viking King Guthrum (an
area later called "the Danelaw").
- The Viking chief Rollo is granted land by the Franks and
founds Normandy in France.
919 - Birth of Hacon the Good.
436 - This is the time of the legendary Sigurd the dragon slayer.
Son of hero Sigmund and leading figure in the Volsung
saga. Also known as Siegfried.
480 - King Hadding of Denmark. Raised by giants he fought
many a great battle. His tale is filled withfantastic creatures
and magic.
520 - Beowulf. Perhaps the most well known of the Viking
heroes. Known mostly for killing the wicked Grendel.
550 - Hrolf Kraki. Hrolf is another legendary King of Denmark.
His tale is filled with berserkers, witches and all manner of
creatures.
789 - The first Viking attack on England.
793 - Vikings sack the monastery at Lindisfarne in Northumbria.
794 - Vikings attack sites in northern Britain, in what we now call
Scotland.
795 - Irish annals record a Viking raid on Rathlin Island, off
Ireland's north-east coast.
799 - Aquitaine is raided by Vikings.
800 - Coastal defenses are organized by Charlemagne.
- The Oseberg Viking longships are buried about this time.
810 - Frisia is ravaged by the Danish king Godfred.
815 - Floki of Rogaland set out from the Faergoe Isles and
discovered Iceland.
822-823 - Archbishop Ebo of Rheims undertakes a mission to
Denmark.
832 - Vikings raid Armagh in Ireland three times in one month.
835 - The Oseberg ship burial in Norway.
837 - 60 Viking longships entered the mouth of the Boyne and
another 60 sailed up to Liffey. The Vikings devestated
Ireland by ravaging her churches, sanctuaries, and her
shrines.
839 - The Norse leader Turgeis led an impressive army into the
north of Ireland, conquering Ulster, and founding the
harbor-stronghold of Dublin.
840 - Viking settlers found the city of Dublin in Ireland.
841 - Vikings under the leadership of Turgeis founds Dublin,
Ireland
841 - Vikings burns Lillebonne, Caudebec and Roue and
destroys the abbeys of Jumieges and St Wandrille.
843 - Norwegians plunder the town of Nantes in western
France. They then sailed up the Loire as far as Tours and
attacked the whole of France.
844 - A group of Danes sailed up the Guadalquivir and attacked
Seville.
- Viking raid on Seville is repulsed.
845 - The Vikings defile the shrine of Clonmacnoise. Ota, the
wife of the Norse leader Turgeis, performed pagan rites on
the high altar. Turgeis later took the settlement of Armagh
and proclaimed himself king. The Irish later captured him
and drowned him in Loch Owel.
845 - Vikings threaten Paris and are paid a tribute of bullion
worth 7,000 pounds of silver not to attack.
851 - Danish Vikings land in Ireland and join forces with the Irish
to become the rulers of Ireland.
853 - Olaf and Ivar, two sons of a minor Norwegian ruler,
established a Norse kingdom in Dublin.
This kingdom lasted for more than two centuries.
859 - The Danish chieftain Hastein joined forces with another
Viking leader and led a fleet of 60 dragon ships through
the straits of Gibraltar and raided Algeciras and the
coasts of Morocco.
860 - Hastein led his fleet to Italy and sacked Luna, a town that
no longer exists.
- Rus Vikings attack Constantinople (Istanbul).
866 - York is captured by a Viking army.
870 - Iceland is colonised by Vikings.
871 - King Ethelred, the West Saxon king, (wessex) and his
brother Alfred, defeat the Viking army at the Battle of
Ashdown (in Berkshire). Danish advance is halted in
England.
872 - Harald I gains control of Norway.
874 - First settlement of Iceland.
876 - Vikings from Denmark, Norway and Sweden settle
permanently in England.
879 - Rurik establishes Kiev as the centre of the Kievan Rus'
demains.
885 - Birth of Erik Blood-Axe.
886 - Alfred divides Englan with the Danes under Danelaw pact.
900 - The Vikings raid along the Mediterranean coast.
907 - Swedish Viking Oleg the Wise led an army of eighty
thousand men and two thousand ships to Constantinople.
Panic- stricken, the Byzantines paid a large tribute and
agreed to a commercial treaty.
911 - King Alfred formally agrees a boundary between his
kingdom and land ruled by the Viking King Guthrum (an
area later called "the Danelaw").
- The Viking chief Rollo is granted land by the Franks and
founds Normandy in France.
919 - Birth of Hacon the Good.
930 - Erik Blood-Axe becomes King of Norway on Harold Fairhair's abdication.
931 - Death of Rolf the Ganger, founder of Normandy.
933 - Death of Harald Fairhair.
934 - Hacon The Good becomes King of Norway.
939 - Erik Blood-Axe becomes King of Northumberland.
940 - Gorm the Old King of Denmark.
941 - Rus Vikings attack Constantinople (Istanbul).
950 - Death of Erik Blood-Axe at Steinmore in England.Vikings from Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Hebrides raid Wales,
particularly the coastal monasteries.
954 - Eric Bloodaxe, the last Viking King of Jorvik, is thrown out of York.
958 - Harald Bluetooth becomes King Of Denmark.
961 - Death of Hacon the Good after the battle on the island of Stord.
968 - Birth of Olav Trygvason.
980 - Vikings Viking leader Erik the Red discovers Greenland.
981 - The Vikings settle in Greenland
986 - Viking ships sail in Newfoundland waters.
991 - Aethelred II pays the first Danegeld ransom to stop Danish attacks on England.
994 - Olaf of Norway and Sven 'Forkbeard', son of the Danish king, lead an invading Danish army in an unsuccessful siege
of London, and subsequently ravage the south-east.
995 - Olav I conquers Norway and proclaims it a Christian Kingdom.
1000 - The Vikings reach Newfoundland, but they did not go beyond the coastal area and their settlement was short- lived.
- Christianity reaches Greenland and Iceland.
- Leif Erikson, son of Erik the Red, explores the coast of North America.
- Olav I dies; Norway is ruled by the Danes.
1002 - Brian Boru defeats the Norse and becomes King of Ireland.
2010 - Viking explorer Thorfinn Karlsefni attempts to found a settlement in North America.
1013 - King Sven of Denmark (with his son Cnut) sail up the rivers Humber and Trent to be accepted as king in the Danelaw.
- The Saxon king Ethelred the Unready flees to Normandy.
1014 - Cnut becomes the leader of the Danes on his father's death and king of England after the death of Ethelred and his son
Edmund Ironside.
1015 - Vikings abandon the Vinland settlement on the coast of North America.
1016 - Cnut the Great, son of Svein Forkbeard, (Danes), conquers England and marries Aethelred's widow, Queen Emma.
- Olav II regains Norway from the Danes.
1018 - The coronation of Canute the Great, as King of England.
1026 - KingsAnund Jakob (Sweden) and Olaf Haraldsson (Norway) attacks Denmark, but fails.
1028 - Knut (Canute), king of England and Denmark, conquers Norway and Olaf flees.
1030 - Olaf Haraldsson returns to regain Norway, but is killed at Stiklestad.
1031 - Olaf Haraldsson becomes officially proclaimed a Saint, by Bishop Grimkel (August 3rd).
1035 - Canute the Great dies, Magnus, son of St Olaf, expels the Danes from Norway and regains the kingdom.
1042 - Ethelred's other son, Edward the Confessor, is invited to return from Normandy as king with the support of the Danes.
1045 - Magnus grants Harald Hardraada half of Norway, as a co-king.
1047 - Magnus, king of Norway & Denmark, dies; Hardraada sovereign king of Norway; Claims Denmark as well.
1047 - Svend Estridsson gains control of the Danish throne, but Hardraada won't give up his claim.
1049 - Hardraada founds Oslo, Norway.
1050 - Hardraade raids Haithabu.
1062 - Hardraada defeats Svend Estridsson at the Battle of Nissen, but fails to gaincontrol of Denmark.
1064 - Hardraada gives up Denmark and recognizes Svend Estridsson as legal heirto the throne.
1066 - Harold Godwinson becomes the last Anglo-Saxon king after the death of King Edward. King Harald of Norway invades
England and captures York, but is then defeated and killed in the battle of Stamford Bridge. King Harold is defeated by Duke
William at the battle of Hastings.
1070 - Danish king Sven Estridsson arrives in Humber to claim England. King Williams defenses were too strong and he was forced
to withdraw in the summer.
1072 - Vikings conquers Palermo.
1085 - Danish Vikings makes a final attempt to conquer England but fails.
931 - Death of Rolf the Ganger, founder of Normandy.
933 - Death of Harald Fairhair.
934 - Hacon The Good becomes King of Norway.
939 - Erik Blood-Axe becomes King of Northumberland.
940 - Gorm the Old King of Denmark.
941 - Rus Vikings attack Constantinople (Istanbul).
950 - Death of Erik Blood-Axe at Steinmore in England.Vikings from Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Hebrides raid Wales,
particularly the coastal monasteries.
954 - Eric Bloodaxe, the last Viking King of Jorvik, is thrown out of York.
958 - Harald Bluetooth becomes King Of Denmark.
961 - Death of Hacon the Good after the battle on the island of Stord.
968 - Birth of Olav Trygvason.
980 - Vikings Viking leader Erik the Red discovers Greenland.
981 - The Vikings settle in Greenland
986 - Viking ships sail in Newfoundland waters.
991 - Aethelred II pays the first Danegeld ransom to stop Danish attacks on England.
994 - Olaf of Norway and Sven 'Forkbeard', son of the Danish king, lead an invading Danish army in an unsuccessful siege
of London, and subsequently ravage the south-east.
995 - Olav I conquers Norway and proclaims it a Christian Kingdom.
1000 - The Vikings reach Newfoundland, but they did not go beyond the coastal area and their settlement was short- lived.
- Christianity reaches Greenland and Iceland.
- Leif Erikson, son of Erik the Red, explores the coast of North America.
- Olav I dies; Norway is ruled by the Danes.
1002 - Brian Boru defeats the Norse and becomes King of Ireland.
2010 - Viking explorer Thorfinn Karlsefni attempts to found a settlement in North America.
1013 - King Sven of Denmark (with his son Cnut) sail up the rivers Humber and Trent to be accepted as king in the Danelaw.
- The Saxon king Ethelred the Unready flees to Normandy.
1014 - Cnut becomes the leader of the Danes on his father's death and king of England after the death of Ethelred and his son
Edmund Ironside.
1015 - Vikings abandon the Vinland settlement on the coast of North America.
1016 - Cnut the Great, son of Svein Forkbeard, (Danes), conquers England and marries Aethelred's widow, Queen Emma.
- Olav II regains Norway from the Danes.
1018 - The coronation of Canute the Great, as King of England.
1026 - KingsAnund Jakob (Sweden) and Olaf Haraldsson (Norway) attacks Denmark, but fails.
1028 - Knut (Canute), king of England and Denmark, conquers Norway and Olaf flees.
1030 - Olaf Haraldsson returns to regain Norway, but is killed at Stiklestad.
1031 - Olaf Haraldsson becomes officially proclaimed a Saint, by Bishop Grimkel (August 3rd).
1035 - Canute the Great dies, Magnus, son of St Olaf, expels the Danes from Norway and regains the kingdom.
1042 - Ethelred's other son, Edward the Confessor, is invited to return from Normandy as king with the support of the Danes.
1045 - Magnus grants Harald Hardraada half of Norway, as a co-king.
1047 - Magnus, king of Norway & Denmark, dies; Hardraada sovereign king of Norway; Claims Denmark as well.
1047 - Svend Estridsson gains control of the Danish throne, but Hardraada won't give up his claim.
1049 - Hardraada founds Oslo, Norway.
1050 - Hardraade raids Haithabu.
1062 - Hardraada defeats Svend Estridsson at the Battle of Nissen, but fails to gaincontrol of Denmark.
1064 - Hardraada gives up Denmark and recognizes Svend Estridsson as legal heirto the throne.
1066 - Harold Godwinson becomes the last Anglo-Saxon king after the death of King Edward. King Harald of Norway invades
England and captures York, but is then defeated and killed in the battle of Stamford Bridge. King Harold is defeated by Duke
William at the battle of Hastings.
1070 - Danish king Sven Estridsson arrives in Humber to claim England. King Williams defenses were too strong and he was forced
to withdraw in the summer.
1072 - Vikings conquers Palermo.
1085 - Danish Vikings makes a final attempt to conquer England but fails.
Reference Early Viking Kings
Designed by Nigel G Wilcox
In ancient Norse, the word "Viking" meant "pirate", which became the name attributed to the people from Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark... fierce warring people of the Medieval period who terrorized much of Europe from the 9th to 12th centuries AD
Copyright © All Rights Reserved by Nigel G Wilcox · · E-Mail: ngwilcox100@gmail.com
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