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Commonwealth - Oliver Cromwell 1649-1659 AD
The Commonwealth of England was the republic which ruled first England, and then Ireland and Scotland from 1649 to 1660. Between 1653-1659 it was known as the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. After the English Civil War and the execution of Charles I, the republic's existence was initially declared by An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth by the Rump Parliament , on 19 May 1649. Executive power had already been entrusted to a Council of State . The government during 1653 to 1659 is properly called The Protectorate, and took the form of direct personal rule by Oliver Cromwell and, after his death, his son Richard , as Lord Protector; this arrangement led to the state being labelled a "crowned republic ". The term Commonwealth is, however, loosely used to describe the system of government during the whole of 1649 to 1660, when England was de facto , and arguably de jure, a republic (or, to monarchists, under the English Interregnum).
The halfcrown continued to be issued during the Commonwealth and the last hammered coins were issued by Charles II, milled halfcrowns were issued with the portrait of Oliver Cromwell in 1656 and 1658.
The Commonwealth of England was the republic which ruled first England, and then Ireland and Scotland from 1649 to 1660. Between 1653-1659 it was known as the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. After the English Civil War and the execution of Charles I, the republic's existence was initially declared by An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth by the Rump Parliament , on 19 May 1649. Executive power had already been entrusted to a Council of State . The government during 1653 to 1659 is properly called The Protectorate, and took the form of direct personal rule by Oliver Cromwell and, after his death, his son Richard , as Lord Protector; this arrangement led to the state being labelled a "crowned republic ". The term Commonwealth is, however, loosely used to describe the system of government during the whole of 1649 to 1660, when England was de facto , and arguably de jure, a republic (or, to monarchists, under the English Interregnum).
The halfcrown continued to be issued during the Commonwealth and the last hammered coins were issued by Charles II, milled halfcrowns were issued with the portrait of Oliver Cromwell in 1656 and 1658.
Royal Monarchy
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