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Crown
Commonwealth (Cromwell) 1649-1659 AD
Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 - 3 September 1658) was an English military and political leader best known in England for his overthrow of the monarchy and temporarily turning England into a republican Commonwealth and for his rule as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland. In Ireland his record is harshly criticized.
Cromwell was one of the commanders of the New Model Army which defeated the royalists in the English Civil War. After the execution of King Charles I in 1649, Cromwell dominated the short-lived Commonwealth of England , conquered Ireland and Scotland, and ruled as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658.
During 1657 there was a Trial of the Pix, where retained coins from the mint were tested for both weight and metal purity. The mintmark sun which had been the universal mintmark was changed after the trial to an anchor mintmark which was used for the remaining years 1658 to 1660.
Peter Blondeau was to make one final series of Cromwell coins using dies supplied by Thomas Simon dated 1658. These milled coins were made in significant numbers but not without production problems. The Cromwell silver crown of 1658 is notable for a die crack in the lower half of the coin.
There is a very deliberate break with the traditional coinage of the monarchy.
Removed are the Latin inscriptions, in favour of English, and the bust of the monarch is no longer on the obverse (although on coins authorised from 1656 onwards during the Protectorate, minted in 1657/1658, show a return to convention with a bust of Oliver Cromwell). This earlier, simpler design shows the shields of Saint George’s cross and the Harp of Ireland side by side.
The legend (inscription on the coin) simply states: ‘The Commonwealth of England. God with us’.
Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 - 3 September 1658) was an English military and political leader best known in England for his overthrow of the monarchy and temporarily turning England into a republican Commonwealth and for his rule as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland. In Ireland his record is harshly criticized.
Cromwell was one of the commanders of the New Model Army which defeated the royalists in the English Civil War. After the execution of King Charles I in 1649, Cromwell dominated the short-lived Commonwealth of England , conquered Ireland and Scotland, and ruled as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658.
During 1657 there was a Trial of the Pix, where retained coins from the mint were tested for both weight and metal purity. The mintmark sun which had been the universal mintmark was changed after the trial to an anchor mintmark which was used for the remaining years 1658 to 1660.
Peter Blondeau was to make one final series of Cromwell coins using dies supplied by Thomas Simon dated 1658. These milled coins were made in significant numbers but not without production problems. The Cromwell silver crown of 1658 is notable for a die crack in the lower half of the coin.
There is a very deliberate break with the traditional coinage of the monarchy.
Removed are the Latin inscriptions, in favour of English, and the bust of the monarch is no longer on the obverse (although on coins authorised from 1656 onwards during the Protectorate, minted in 1657/1658, show a return to convention with a bust of Oliver Cromwell). This earlier, simpler design shows the shields of Saint George’s cross and the Harp of Ireland side by side.
The legend (inscription on the coin) simply states: ‘The Commonwealth of England. God with us’.
Royal Monarchy
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